Increasing Antiradical Activity of Polyphenols from Lotus Seed Epicarp by Probiotic Bacteria Bioconversion

Abstract

Probiotic bacteria is able to metabolize polyphenols and produce functional compounds. In this study, we investigated the ability of probiotic bacteria including Lactobacillus, bifidobacteria and Enterococcus strains to increase the antioxidant capacity of polyphenols from lotus seed epicarp (PLSE) at full ripening stage. The results showed that the six selected strains of probiotic bacteria grew well in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth with PLSE, and their resistant extent to PLSE varied from strain to strain. The metabolized PLSE was found to have good antioxidant properties on 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals in vitro. Five polyphenol compounds—chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin and hyperoside—were suggested as the major bioactive metabolism for the antiradical activity of PLSE metabolized by Lactobacillus reuteri DSM20016, Enterococcus faecalis M74 and Bifidobacterium breve ATCC 15701. Moreover, L. reuteri DSM20016 and E. faecalis M74 were found to have a high PLSE bioconversion rate. Our results suggested that both L. reuteri DSM20016 and E. faecalis M74 might have excellent potential for the bioconversion of PLSE to increase its antiradical activity.

Phytochemicals and Immunomodulatory Effect of Nelumbo nucifera Flower Extracts on Human Macrophages

“…In this research, quercetin and kaempferol were detected in EA and ET lotus petal extracts, similar to [2], which reported both polyphenols in lotus flower extracts. Nevertheless, similar to this research, alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids were reported in extracts of lotus leaves [4,6,8], seed [2,9], embryo/plumule [2,7], and root [3]. Importantly, no previous research documented the presence of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and coumarin in extracts of lotus parts [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

“…Nevertheless, similar to this research, alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids were reported in extracts of lotus leaves [4,6,8], seed [2,9], embryo/plumule [2,7], and root [3]. Importantly, no previous research documented the presence of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and coumarin in extracts of lotus parts [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

“…All parts of the lotus, such as root, stem, leaf, flower, and seed, are edible [1] and widely used in Ayurveda and traditional medicines [2][3][4]. Extracts of lotus contain various phytochemicals, including phenolic acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], which promote antioxidant [3,4,10], antiinflammatory [11,12], antidiabetic [13], anti-obesity [14], and anticancer [15] activities. These biological activities are beneficial for individuals with declined immune functions, especially those of advanced age [16,17], and immunosuppression in diabetic patients [18,19].…”

Probiotics-Mediated Bioconversion and Periodontitis

“…Liu et al (2018a) reported that the major bioactive metabolites for the antioxidative activity of PMB of polyphenol compounds contained epicatechin, catechin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and hyperoxide. Moreover, Lactobacillus reuteri and Enterococcus faecalis showed a high bioconversion rate and high anti-radical activity, which might have excellent potential for PMB (Liu et al, 2018a). The pharmacological effects of PMB are also well known.…”

Separation, Identification, and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenols from Lotus Seed Epicarp

“…Liu, et al [17] reported that polyphenols from lotus seed epicarp at three different ripening stages have good anti-radical abilities, and they identified some phenolic compounds from lotus seed epicarp. Recently, Liu, et al [18] found that the anti-radical activity of polyphenols from lotus seed epicarp increases by probiotic bacteria bioconversion. Yan, et al [19] reported that polyphenols from lotus seed epicarp have antiproliferation ability on human hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cells.…”