Increasing level of abiotic and biotic stress on Kinnow fruit quality at different ecological zones in climate change scenario

Nawaz, Rab; Abbasi, Nadeem Akhtar; Hafiz, Ishfaq Ahmad; Khalid, Azeem

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103936

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…The life cycle of the leafminer lasted 13 to 45 days depending on the temperature 25 , 26 , the egg, larval and pupal periods squeezed with rising temperature 8 and shortened during the summer 27 . Temperature, average relative humidity, and sunshine period are used to count agrometeorological indices of a specific area 28 – 31 with year-round fluctuating patterns in different seasons 32 by counting more in warm regions 33 , 34 . Insect-pest developmental stages are affected by agrometeorological indices such as developmental degree days (DDs) 35 and photoperiod 36 , 37 , while climate variables also affect the developmental stages of leafminer 38 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental variables influence the developmental stages of the citrus leafminer, infestation level and mined leaves physiological response of Kinnow mandarin

Nawaz

Abbasi

Hafiz

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Climate change has not only exacerbated abiotic stress, but has also rendered external conditions more feasible for pests to spread and infest citrus fruit. Citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella) is a potential pest that directly feeds the newly sprouted leaves and twigs of all three spring, summer and autumn flushes. Increasing temperatures in spring and autumn, leafminer accrued more heat units or developmental degree days to accelerate the biological stages of its life-cycle, thereby increasing the pressure of infestation. Present work was conducted at three different environmental conditions in Sargodha, Toba Tek Singh (TTS) and Vehari districts of the Punjab province, Pakistan; all three experimental sites were located in different agro-ecological zones. More infestation was recorded in all three flushes at TTS and Vehari than in Sargodha. Overall, more damage was observed due to higher temperatures in TTS and Vehari than in Sargodha. After May–June heat stress, spontaneous vegetative growth continued from July to November, produced newly spouted tender leaves for feeding the leafminer larvae, and was seen more in TTS and Vehari. Leafminer larva prefers to enter young and tender leaves with a maximum entrance in leaves up to 1 cm2 in size while observing no entrance above 3 cm2 of leaf size. Physiological response of leaves primarily attributed to chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, both of which were recorded lower in the mined leaves, thereby reducing leaf photosynthetic activity. Similarly, lower levels of polyphenols and antioxidant activity were also recorded in the mined leaves. The on-tree age of mined leaves of three vegetative flushes of Kinnow plant was also less counted than non-mined leaves. Climate change has affected vegetative phenology and become feasible for pests due to extemporaneous leaf growth, particularly leafminer, and eventually causes economic loss by supplying low carbohydrates either to hanging fruits or next-season crops.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental variables influence the developmental stages of the citrus leafminer, infestation level and mined leaves physiological response of Kinnow mandarin

Nawaz

Abbasi

Hafiz

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…18 Sigmoid growth trend in citrus fruit 19 starts at fruit setting stage 20 to continue till color-break at early ripening time. 21 Citrus growth stage I (cell division) and II (cell enlargement) are linked with growth and development of fruit components, 22,23 whereas growth III (maturing and ripening) brings changes to peel composition at the time of color development in fruit 24,25 and rest of citrus phenophases, 26 all are predisposed by environmental factors variability. 27,28 Kinnow mandarin being grown in warm regions starts late color-break 9 with mediocre outlook and quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of varying agrometeorological indices on peel color and composition of Kinnow fruit (Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenora) grown at different ecological zones

et al. 2020

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Background Kinnow orchards were selected in different ecological zones in districts Sargodha, Toba Tek Singh (TTS) and Vehari of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Three biological replicates in block form were applied by using analysis of variance techniques to assess varying agrometeorological indices impact on fruit color‐development and peel composition. Results Fruit samples were randomly collected on each month's end starting from August up to February. Chromameter was used for measuring coloring parameters and its values a*, b*, C* and L* were increased from August till February with a rapid elevation started at color‐break stage, while hue angle (h*) rotated from 120° to 60° of portraying green to yellow shade. An increasing level of chlorophyll contents were noted in August till color‐break at the end of October and then diminished afterwards. Whereas, carotenoids increased rapidly upon yellow tinting peel of Kinnow fruits till fully attained deep orange color at the end of February. Ascorbic acid content and total phenolic content (TPC) showed a decreasing trend whereas anthocyanins and antioxidant activity were increased from August to February, with unchanged flavonoids and flavonols level. Fruit firmness was gradually reduced till color‐break with rapid reduction noted subsequently. Maturity index represented internal ripening directly increased with color‐development. Conclusion Color development has directly influenced on maturity index and both were increased rapidly after color‐break to afterwards. More color development with rapid reduction in chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and TPC level were seen in warm districts namely TTS and Vehari after color‐break stage due to accumulating more agrometeorological indices. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…In era of increasing trend of greenhouse gases to rise earth temperature (IPCC, 2007) has increased abiotic and biotic stress on crops (Ullah et al, 2015) and also on citrus (Nawaz et al, 2019a). More fruit drop is seen in extreme weather conditions like heat-wave and smog time (Nawaz et al 2020b) by directly affecting on-tree fruit quantity and subsequent season bearing habit (Wheaton, 1992). More alternate bearing and quality deterioration are seen in climate change era (Zekri, 2011) and altered agricultural systems and crop preference (Parry et al, 2004).…”

Section: /11mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identical plants characteristics like age, planting density and grafted on rootstock (Rough lemon) were chosen (Nawaz et al, 2020b) while tagging 36 branches/twigs at different canopy positions (Nawaz et al, 2020a) to record data on monthly basis.…”

Section: Selection Of Orchardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pakistani Kinnow is excellent in outlook, quality, flavor and taste when compared to fresh mandarin across the world but due to export barriers and rigorous certifications process, just fetch 2% in high returning markets of EU and advanced countries (Ahmed, 2005). Climate change has increased risk of citrus fruit grown in different clusters with more pests pressure and matured fruit drops at warm conditions (Nawaz et al, 2020b) along with more accretion of agrometeorological indices (Nawaz et al, 2020a) and Observou-se maior queda fisiológica e de frutos maduros nas condições quentes de Vehari e TTS, enquanto um nível crescente foi registrado na estação chuvosa em Sargodha, com diferenças insignificantes nas duas estações. Termos de indexação: Citrus nobilis x C. deliciosa, alternância de produção, condições ambientais variáveis.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Influence of varying environmental conditions on biennial bearing habit of Kinnow fruit (Citrus nobilis Lour x C. deliciosa Tenora) grown at different clusters in the Punjab province, Pakistan

Nawaz¹,

Abbasi²,

Hafiz³

et al. 2019

Citrus Res. Technol.

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Increasing level of abiotic and biotic stress on Kinnow fruit quality at different ecological zones in climate change scenario

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

Environmental variables influence the developmental stages of the citrus leafminer, infestation level and mined leaves physiological response of Kinnow mandarin

Environmental variables influence the developmental stages of the citrus leafminer, infestation level and mined leaves physiological response of Kinnow mandarin

Impact of varying agrometeorological indices on peel color and composition of Kinnow fruit (Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenora) grown at different ecological zones

Influence of varying environmental conditions on biennial bearing habit of Kinnow fruit (Citrus nobilis Lour x C. deliciosa Tenora) grown at different clusters in the Punjab province, Pakistan

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