Increasing Prevalence of Quinolone Resistance in Human Nontyphoid Salmonella enterica Isolates Obtained in Spain from 1981 to 2003

Abstract

nalidixic acid was tested in 10,504 nontyphoid Salmonella enterica isolates from patients with acute enteric disease in Gipuzkoa, Spain. The prevalence of nalidixic acid resistance steadily increased from less than 0.5% before 1991 to 38.5% in 2003, mainly due to the increase in resistance among isolates of the most prevalent serovar, S. enterica serovar Enteritidis. For nalidixic acid-resistant isolates, the ciprofloxacin MIC was eightfold higher than that for susceptible isolates, and the nalidixic acid-resistant isolates contained a single point mutation in the gyrA gene (at codons for Ser83 or Asp87). The same mutations were found in a sample of nalidixic acid-resistant nontyphoid Salmonella strains isolated between 1999 and 2003 from retail food for human consumption. In 2003, we identified five S. enterica serovar Typhimurium clinical isolates with high-level fluoroquinolone resistance (ciprofloxacin MIC, 16 g/ml) with two point mutations in the gyrA gene (coding for Ser833Phe and Asp873Asn) and one point mutation in the parC gene (coding for Ser803Arg). Strict sanitary controls are needed to avoid the spread of ciprofloxacin-resistant serovar Typhimurium isolates, and a more efficient veterinary policy must be adopted to decrease the large burden of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis infections in humans in our region.

Nalidixic Acid-Resistant Strains of Salmonella Showing Decreased Susceptibility to Fluoroquinolones in the Midwestern Region of the Republic of Ireland Due to Mutations in the gyrA Gene

“…The 13.2% of nalidixic acid-resistant isolates in our study represents a rise. This could be potentially due to the spread of resistant strains and the overuse of antibiotics in humans and previous usage in animals (9,10,11). No resistance or reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was detected in any of the isolates in this study (6).…”

Saúde e Segurança Alimentar: Isolamento e análise do perfil de suscetibilidade de bactérias patogênicas de alimentos

“…38 Somado a este, pode-se verificar em estudos ao redor do mundo a possível transferência de micro-organismos resistentes entre humanos e animais, e até mesmo a presença de grupos clonais em diferentes reservatórios. [39][40][41] Com os dados apresentados neste estudo, os quais DISCUSSÃO Os dados para a contaminação por E. coli observados neste estudo são semelhantes aos obtidos por Alcântara et al onde o índice de contaminação por este microrganismo em um total de 90 amostras chegou a 55,5%. 18 Mesmo a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária não dispondo de padrões para a presença de E. coli em carne moída in natura, sua presença em alimentos, fornece com maior segurança informações sobre as condições higiênicas do produto e é a melhor indicação da eventual presença de enteropatógenos.…”

Quinolone Resistance in Non-typhoidal Salmonella

“…Concurrent increase in resistance was observed in France among Salmonella isolates from animals and humans, and the same clones were determined among the diferent hosts [32]. In the United Kingdom, also in Spain, the incidence of NAL-resistant Salmonella illnesses in humans was increased followed the introduction for veterinary use of FQs in 1993 [33,34].…”