Indexing Tools for Indian Citrus Ringspot Virus (ICRSV)

Sharma, Sanjeev; Avinash, Nagpal; Virk, G. S.; Zaidi, A. A.

doi:10.2174/1874196700902010027

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Leishmania must evade from the innate and adaptive immune responses. It is engulfed by macrophage but resist proteolysis and degradation in the phagolysosome [39,40]. Macrophages engulf Leishmania directly via interactions with multiple cellular receptors as fibronectin receptor, mannose receptor, Toll-like receptors and CR1 and CR3 complement receptors, also engulf apoptotic neutrophils that contain Leishmanial parasites [7,41].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Pathogenesis

Flaih¹

2022

Leishmaniasis - General Aspects of a Stigmatized Disease

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Leishmaniasis is still considered to be a global health problem, which spreads in most countries in the world. Leishmania is an intracellular obligate protistan parasite that causes different clinical symptoms in infected humans and other animals. There are clinically different types of the disease including: visceral, cutaneous or muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis. Approximately, two million new infections occurring annually; 0.7 to 1.2 million cases are recorded with cutaneous leishmaniasis and 200,000–400,000 cases return for visceral leishmaniasis. However, Cutaneous leishmaniasis considers one of uncontrolled wobbling endemic diseases, especially in Iraq, which occurs at the skin to cause a dermal lesion. Usually, the lesion is spontaneously healed to leave a colorless depressed scar and permanent immunity.

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Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Pathogenesis

Flaih¹

2022

Leishmaniasis - General Aspects of a Stigmatized Disease

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“…and Chenopodiaceae and Solanaceae for nepoviruses such as SLRV, CLRV, etc. ), use of herbaceous plants for indexing is limited compared to woody indicators, as less than one-third of the known fruit tree viruses may get transmitted mechanically (Gilles and Bormans 1988;Sharma et al 2009). In spite of the fact that woody indexing is labour intensive, tedious and time consuming, expensive, requires weeks to months to obtain results, requires adequate facilities such as greenhouse for biological tests, fields for bioassay, store house, screen house and a diagnostic laboratory, it is compulsory in any certification programme as all diseases irrespective of causal agents are detected by grafting.…”

Section: Indexingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, viral disease could be diagnosed quickly by visual examination of symptoms that they cause in different host species, by studying their vector transmission properties along with the study of their interaction with the hosts. Variants that have broad host range but are often symptomless or produce symptoms showing resemblance with other viruses require molecular tests for diagnosis as these techniques are more sensitive and reproducible and allow the typification of more isolates than bioassays (Garcia-Arenal et al 2001;Sharma et al 2009). For the development of efficient and stable diagnostic methods, the following factors should be considered: (1) sensitivity, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical advancement in plant virus diagnosis – an appraisal

Jan

Azam

Warsi

et al. 2012

Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection

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Plants infected by a wide range of viruses often cause important agronomic and economic losses worldwide. Detection of plant viruses is becoming more challenging as globalisation of trade, particularly the ornamental plants, and the potential effects of climate change facilitate movement of viruses and their vectors, thereby transforming the diagnostic landscape. Under such circumstances, detection of viruses at premature stages of infection by use of rapid, sensitive and accurate detection methods seems crucial to ensure safe and sustainable agriculture and as such reduces economic losses. For proper identification, detection technique needs to be rapid, most accurate and inexpensive, as it forms the key step in developing appropriate practical solutions to manage plant virus diseases that pose continuous threats to the viability of certain horticultural and agricultural industries. This review is concerned with the advancement in techniques in the diagnosis of viruses in plants.

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“…Mechanical inoculation on test plants is one of the most widely used approach for indexing viruses and viroids because specialized skills are not required to perform the test. The technique involves the use of test plants whose leaves react by developing highly visible necrotic spots, when treated with an extract of a virus-infected plant (Sharma et al 2009). The presence of PSTVd was proved by symptom development on tomato indicator seedlings after mechanical inoculation of sap extracted from samples collected during survey.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence ofPotato Spindle Tuber Viroid(PSTVs) in Potato Growing Areas of Punjab

Kaur¹

2014

Vegetos- An Inter. Jour. of Plnt. Rese.

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Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid (PSTVs) infection in potato fields of Punjab was determined by mechanical transmission and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Potato plants and tubers showing symptoms of PSTVd were selected and transported to lab for indexing. Sap extracts prepared from symptomatic leaves and tubers of potato plants when mechanically inoculated on leaves of young tomato seedlings showed symptoms like epinasty and rugosity after 10 days of inoculation. PSTVd was further detected in infected samples when RT-PCR assay was performed using viroid specific primers. PSTVd results in loss of tuber yield up to 59% and severe infection resulted in to complete destruction of susceptible plants. This study has proven incidence and prevalence of PSTVd in potato growing areas of Punjab.

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Indexing Tools for Indian Citrus Ringspot Virus (ICRSV)

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Pathogenesis

Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Pathogenesis

Technical advancement in plant virus diagnosis – an appraisal

Incidence ofPotato Spindle Tuber Viroid(PSTVs) in Potato Growing Areas of Punjab

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