Indicators of mancozeb exposure in relation to thyroid cancer and neural tube defects in farmers’ families

RETRACTED: Mancozeb-induced genotoxicity and apoptosis in cultured human lymphocytes

“…Steenland et al (1997) reported that mancozeb exposure may increase the risk of thyroid cancer in humans. However, Nordby et al (2005) claim that mancozeb exposure does not cause thyroid cancer in humans.…”

Maternal and paternal occupational exposure to agricultural work and the risk of anencephaly

“…36 Very few studies exist which have evaluated the association between exposure to specific pesticides and NTDs or other adverse reproductive outcomes. Nordby et al, in 2005, 37 observed a moderate association between mancozeb exposure and neural tube defects. Greenlee et al, in 2004, 38 observed that in vitro exposure of embryos pre-implanted from murine into various specific pesticides and mixtures of these, demonstrated the fact that pesticides (dicamba, pendimethalin, 2,4-D, atrazine, chlorotalonil, mancozeb diquat, metolachlor, ammonium nitrate, chlorpyrifos, and terbufos) increased the percentage of apoptosis, and that atrazine (herbicide), chlorpyrifos, and terbufos all reduced the development of embryos on the path towards becoming blastocytes, demonstrating that these pesticides when used in agriculture cause damage in the development of reimplanted embryos.…”

The Effects of the Endocrine Disruptors Dithiocarbamates on the Mammalian Ovary with Particular Regard to Mancozeb

“…Even if in humans carcinogenic effects induced by EBDTCs have been suspected [114], contrasting results are present in literature. In fact, while a large epidemiological study performed in 1977 supported the possible relationship between the use of these compounds and human liver and thyroid cancers [143], the association between mancozeb and thyroid cancer has not been confirmed in another large epidemiological study published in 2005 and performed in Norwegian farmers' families [144]. According to the finding that several pesticides have been suspected to contribute to the development of Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoma (NHL) [145], chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) have been found to increase significantly in workers occupationally exposed to mancozeb [146].…”