Indirect Hemagglutination for Diagnosis of Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever

Gaidamovich, S. Ya.; Klisenko, G. A.; Shanoyan, N. K.; Obukhova, V. R.; Melnikova, E. N.

doi:10.1159/000149421

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Anti-CCHFV antibodies, detected by agar-gel diffusion precipitation (AGDP) performed 5–20 dpi in samples from the 6-month-old calves, were seen at 13 and 17 dpi in the SC-infected and the IM-infected calf, respectively; antibodies were detected by CF only in the IM-infected animal (17 dpi). Additionally, antibodies were investigated in the SC/ID inoculated 2-month-old calves using the indirect hemagglutination inhibition test 5–35 dpi (47); antibody titers of 1:10 were detected in 1 calf on days 9, 14, and 20 after infection, increasing to 1:80 at 35 dpi. Smirnova (1979) inoculated calves with a variety of strains of CCHFV (48).…”

Section: Experimental Infection In Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

A chronological review of experimental infection studies of the role of wild animals and livestock in the maintenance and transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus

Spengler¹,

et al. 2016

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This article provides a definitive review of experimental studies of the role of wild animals and livestock in the maintenance and transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), the etiologic agent of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), beginning with the first recognized outbreak of the human disease in Crimea in 1944. Published reports by researchers in the former Soviet Union, Bulgaria, South Africa, and other countries where CCHF has been observed show that CCHFV is maintained in nature in a tick-vertebrate-tick enzootic cycle. Human disease most commonly results from the bite of an infected tick, but may also follow crushing of infected ticks or exposure to the blood and tissues of infected animals during slaughter. Wild and domestic animals are susceptible to infection with CCHFV, but do not develop clinical illness. Vertebrates are important in CCHF epidemiology, as they provide blood meals to support tick populations, transport ticks across wide geographic areas, and transmit CCHFV to ticks and humans during the period of viremia. Many aspects of vertebrate involvement in the maintenance and spread of CCHFV are still poorly understood. Experimental investigations in wild animals and livestock provide important data to aid our understanding of CCHFV ecology. This article is the second in a series of reviews of more than 70 years of research on CCHF, summarizing important findings, identifying gaps in knowledge, and suggesting directions for future research.

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Section: Experimental Infection In Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

A chronological review of experimental infection studies of the role of wild animals and livestock in the maintenance and transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus

Spengler¹,

et al. 2016

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“…Seroepidemiological studies comprise the majority of this research, elucidating reservoir species and virus circulation. CCHFV serosurveillance has relied on a variety of techniques, including virus neutralization assays [ 9 , 10 ], reverse passive hemagglutination inhibition (RPHI) assays [ 11 – 13 ], immunodiffusion assays such as agar gel diffusion precipitation (AGDP) [ 14 , 15 ], complement fixation (CF) assays [ 9 , 16 – 18 ], indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) [ 19 – 23 ], indirect or sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA) [ 23 – 27 ], and competitive ELISA (CELISA) [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiological Studies of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Domestic and Wild Animals

2016

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widely distributed, tick-borne viral disease. Humans are the only species known to develop illness after CCHF virus (CCHFV) infection, characterized by a nonspecific febrile illness that can progress to severe, often fatal, hemorrhagic disease. A variety of animals may serve as asymptomatic reservoirs of CCHFV in an endemic cycle of transmission. Seroepidemiological studies have been instrumental in elucidating CCHFV reservoirs and in determining endemic foci of viral transmission. Herein, we review over 50 years of CCHFV seroepidemiological studies in domestic and wild animals. This review highlights the role of livestock in the maintenance and transmission of CCHFV, and provides a detailed summary of seroepidemiological studies of wild animal species, reflecting their relative roles in CCHFV ecology.

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“…Virus antigen can be detected in ticks and in tissues of infected mice and humans, by passive haemagglutination or enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), but positive results were obtained in only about half of the patients from whom sera were tested during the first 2 weeks of illness, with greatest success being attained in severe and fatal infections with the most intense viraemias [4,[6][7][8][9][10]. Serological tests formerly used for the detection of antibody to the virus, such as complement fixation, haemagglutination-inhibition and reversed passive haemagglutinationinhibition, lacked sensitivity and reproducibility, but indirect immunofluorescence (IF) detects IgG and IgM antibody responses by days 7-9 of illness in all survivors of the infection [11][12][13][14]. Specific IgG and IgM responses can also be detected by ELISA, but tests have as yet been applied to very few patients [9,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serodiagnosis of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever

et al. 1994

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SUMMARYSeveral methods for demonstrating antibody to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus were compared on serum samples taken from 101 patients during the acute stage of illness and at intervals for up to 59 months thereafter, with emphasis on early detection of the immune response. The deaths of 23 patients on days 5-14 of illness were ascribed to the effects of the disease; two patients died later from other causes. Very few of the patients who died from the acute illness mounted an antibody response detectable by the methods tested. Four patients who died and 18 who recovered were treated with immune plasma collected from recovered patients. Treated patients acquired IgG antibody from the plasma, but it was possible to discern the onset of an endogenous IgM response in those individuals who survived the disease by all of the methods tested. Indirect immunofluorescence (IF) tests detected IgM and/or IgG antibodies at the earliest on day 4 of illness in about 10 % of patients who survived the disease, and by day 9 all survivors had antibodies demonstrable by IF

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Indirect Hemagglutination for Diagnosis of Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

A chronological review of experimental infection studies of the role of wild animals and livestock in the maintenance and transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus

A chronological review of experimental infection studies of the role of wild animals and livestock in the maintenance and transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus

Seroepidemiological Studies of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Domestic and Wild Animals

Serodiagnosis of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever

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