Individually assessed creep food consumption by suckled piglets: influence on post-weaning food intake characteristics and indicators of gut structure and hind-gut fermentation

Abstract

Individual food intake characteristics and indicators of gut physiology of group-housed weanling pigs were measured in relation to pre-weaning consumption of creep food. Additionally, the effects of creep food consumption on pre-weaning body weight and gain were assessed. A total of 48 litters was used in two trials. From 11 days of age until weaning (day 28), all 48 litters were given a creep food (12·7 MJ net energy (NE) per kg, 15·2 g lysine per kg) supplemented with 10 g chromium III oxide per kg. Piglets showing green-coloured faeces on three sampling days were designated as good eaters, whereas piglets that never showed green faeces were labelled as non-eaters. Piglets having green faeces once or twice were designated as moderate eaters. Based on availability, body weight, litter origin, genotype and gender 29 good eaters, 32 moderate eaters and 29 non-eaters were selected in the first trial. In the second trial there were 30 good eaters, 33 moderate eaters, and 27 non-eaters. In each trial eight piglets of each creep-food eating type were immediately killed to serve as a reference group. The remaining piglets of each eating type were weaned and placed in pens equipped with computerized feeding stations so that distributions of body weight, litter origin, and gender were similar within pens. In each trial, eight pigs of each eating type were killed 5 days after weaning in order to determine villous heights and crypt depths in the proximal small intestine and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in the colon. While being suckled, body weight was not related to the pre-weaning consumption of creep food (P > 0·1) whereas average daily gain of the good eaters during the creep feeding period was higher (P 0·05) than that of the moderate and non-eaters. Both morphology measures and VFA concentrations on the day of weaning were unaffected (P > 0·1) by the pre-weaning food consumption. After weaning, food intake and gain of the total group of good eaters were higher (P 0·05) than that of the non-eaters, whereas villous height and villous height: crypt depth ratios did not differ (P > 0·1). Neither total VFA concentration nor the proportion of branched-chain VFA were affected by creep food consumption while being suckled. Total VFA concentration in the colon was positively associated with body-weight gain (P 0·001). This study confirms earlier findings that consumption of creep food while being suckled stimulates food intake and growth after weaning. However, the beneficial effects were not associated with a prevention of damage to morphology of the small intestine.

The influence of nutritional and management factors on piglet weight gain to weaning in a commercial herd in Denmark

“…Given the large number of sows and piglets involved in this study it was not realistic to assess each piglet's faeces more than once. Nevertheless, our data support the findings of Bruininx et al (2002) and Kim et al (2005) showing no effect (P > 0.05) of creep feed 'intake' on preweaning growth rate and weaning weight.…”

“…The use of a marker or dye has been used previously to qualitatively assess the creep feed 'intake' of individual sucking piglets based on the number of occasions the marker/dye stains the piglet's faeces during lactation (Bruininx et al, 2002;Kim et al, 2005). Given the large number of sows and piglets involved in this study it was not realistic to assess each piglet's faeces more than once.…”

Pre-weaning eating activity and morphological parameters in the small and large intestine of piglets

“…The eating activity varied greatly both within and between litters, which is in line with several other studies (Bruininx et al, 2004;Dybkjaer et al, 2006). Different approaches to measure the feed intake have been used, e.g., measuring the amount of creep feed consumed per litter (Hampson, 1986), administration of creep feed by gastric intubation (Kelly et al, 1990), or adding chromic oxide to the feed (Bruininx et al, 2004).…”

“…Ingestion of dry feed (creep feed) prior to weaning has been suggested to mature the gastrointestinal tract and it may be a means of avoiding the detrimental effects of weaning either by improving the intestinal morphology or by stimulating feed intake during the immediate post-weaning period (Bruininx et al, 2004). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of pre-weaning eating activity on the morphology of the small and large intestine on the day of weaning and five days post-weaning.…”

The effects of weaning age, diet composition, and categorisation of creep feed intake by piglets on diarrhoea and performance after weaning

“…Such studies have generally been Livestock Science 108 (2007) 120 -123 www.elsevier.com/locate/livsci conducted at more conventional weaning ages (21-28 days), and antimicrobials have been included in diets. Furthermore, only a few studies (Bruininx et al, 2004;Carstensen et al, 2005;Kim et al, 2005) have attempted to characterise, qualitatively, the influence of creep feed intake of an individual piglet on subsequent PWD and post-weaning performance. Weaning pigs later (N 30 days) may reduce PWD since heavier (and older) piglets are reported to be less susceptible to PWD (Madec et al, 1998).…”