Indoor aldehydes concentration and emission rate of formaldehyde in libraries and private reading rooms

Kim, Jeong-Hoon; Kim, Seo-Jin; Lee, Ki-Young; Yoon, Dongwon; Lee, Jiryang; Ju, Daeyoung

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.01.059

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The same comparison using 'velvet' as the refill liquid only reveals a difference in the amount of emitted acrolein, which was higher for e-cigarette type B. Extrapolating from the absolute amount of emitted carbonyls while vaping (13 consecutive puffs, the equivalent of one regular tobacco cigarette) to the corresponding concentration in a hypothetical real indoor environment of 60 m 3 of volume, would yield an approximate concentration ranging from 0.004 to 0.005 g m −3 formaldehyde, 0.0002 to 0.003 g m −3 acrolein and 0.002 to 0.009 g m −3 acetaldehyde. Typically detected indoor concentrations range from 2 to 170 g m −3 for formaldehyde (Raw et al, 2004;Gilbert et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;Geiss et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2013), from 7 to 80 g m −3 for acetaldehyde (Gilbert et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;Geiss et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2013) and from 0.1 to 4.9 g m −3 for acrolein (Gilbert et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006). For indoor formaldehyde concentrations, the World Health Organization (WHO, 2010) has set a maximum guideline at 100 g m −3 defined for 30-min short term average exposure.…”

Section: Determination Of Propylene Glycol Nicotine and Glycerol In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of mainstream and passive vapours emitted by selected electronic cigarettes

Geiss¹,

Bianchi²,

Barahona³

et al. 2015

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

172

109

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Electronic cigarettes have achieved growing popularity since their introduction onto the European market. They are promoted by manufacturers as healthier alternatives to tobacco cigarettes, however debate among scientists and public health experts about their possible impact on health and indoor air quality means further research into the product is required to ensure decisions of policymakers, health care providers and consumers are based on sound science. This study investigated and characterised the impact of 'vaping' (using electronic cigarettes) on indoor environments under controlled conditions using a 30m(3) emission chamber. The study determined the composition of e-cigarette mainstream vapour in terms of propylene glycol, glycerol, carbonyls and nicotine emissions using a smoking machine with adapted smoking parameters. Two different base recipes for refill liquids, with three different amounts of nicotine each, were tested using two models of e-cigarettes. Refill liquids were analysed on their content of propylene glycol, glycerol, nicotine and qualitatively on their principal flavourings. Possible health effects of e-cigarette use are not discussed in this work. Electronic cigarettes tested in this study proved to be sources for propylene glycol, glycerol, nicotine, carbonyls and aerosol particulates. The extent of exposure differs significantly for active and passive 'vapers' (users of electronic cigarettes). Extrapolating from the average amounts of propylene glycol and glycerol condensed on the smoking machine filter pad to the resulting lung-concentration, estimated lung concentrations of 160 and 220mgm(-3) for propylene glycol and glycerol were obtained, respectively. Vaping refill liquids with nicotine concentrations of 9mgmL(-1) led to vapour condensate nicotine amounts comparable to those of low-nicotine regular cigarettes (0.15-0.2mg). In chamber studies, peak concentrations of 2200μgm(-3) for propylene glycol, 136μgm(-3) for glycerol and 0.6μgm(-3) for nicotine were reached. Carbonyls were not detected above the detection limits in chamber studies. Particles in the size range of 20nm to 300nm constantly increased during vaping activity and reached final peak concentrations of 7×10(6)particlesL(-1). Moreover, the tested products showed design flaws such as leakages from the cartridge reservoirs. Possible long term effects of e-cigarettes on health are not yet known. E-cigarettes, the impact of vaping on health and the composition of refill liquids require therefore further research into the product characteristics. The consumers would benefit from harmonised quality and safety improvements of e-cigarettes and refill liquids.

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Section: Determination Of Propylene Glycol Nicotine and Glycerol In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of mainstream and passive vapours emitted by selected electronic cigarettes

Geiss¹,

Bianchi²,

Barahona³

et al. 2015

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

172

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This emission from wood-based panels is a particular problem due to contamination of air in interiors, with high concentrations of FA detected in offices with inadequate ventilation (Ongwandee et al, 2011). Indoor concentrations of FA are 2-10 times higher than outdoor concentrations (Blondel & Plaisance, 2011), ranking it among the most abundant pollutants in the indoor environment (Kim et al, 2013). Because of FA emissions from furniture and wood-based panel products, some methods for FA extraction in an aqueous medium are available, such as: desiccator, chamber, perforator and gas analysis, and some comparisons between these different standardised extraction methods have been presented in the literature (Risholm-Sundman et al, 2007;Park et al, 2011;Salem et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Gas chromatography (GC) (Boran et al, 2011) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Blondel & Plaisance, 2011;Kim et al, 2013) are the best choices when high selectivity and low limit of quantification (LOQ) are required. The most common technique is HPLC where, despite the advantages given above, a derivatisation step is generally required employing 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH); this procedure needs one hour for a complete reaction and formation of the hydrazone (Li et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of formaldehyde by flow injection analysis with spectrophotometric detection exploiting brilliant green–sulphite reaction

2015

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A method for the determination of formaldehyde by flow injection analysis with spectrophotometric detection is proposed, based on retarding the reaction between brilliant green and sulphite by the addition of formaldehyde; this was investigated for formaldehyde quantification in extracts from wood-based panels. For the first time, a heating step was explored, providing a sample throughput of 50 analyses per hour, with a limit of detection of 0.02 mg L −1 and linearity of 0.20-3.0 mg L −1 , which was adequate for the expected range of formaldehyde concentration in the extracts. The mean recovery observed for actual samples was in the range of 92-106 %, with a maximum relative standard deviation of 6.0 %. The paired t-test revealed no significant difference between this method and the official Nash method, demonstrating an appropriate accuracy and precision; the method is proposed as a simple, fast and inexpensive alternative for the routine determination of formaldehyde in an aqueous medium.

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“…Indoor air quality is strongly affected by the presence of volatile pollutants such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, pentanal, hexanal, octanal and nonanal. Among the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in indoor air, these aldehydes are the most frequent and are present at high concentrations . The most abundant formaldehyde, together with acetaldehyde and hexanal, are detected in 100% of French dwellings .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to their possible impact on human health the monitoring of these compounds in indoor air is of major interest . The main indoor sources of aldehydes are building materials, paints and furniture, as shown by the numerous papers dealing with the emissions of aldehydes in air by materials . Outdoors, aldehydes are released into the atmosphere by vehicle exhaust and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct analysis of aldehydes and carboxylic acids in the gas phase by negative ionization selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry: Quantification and modelling of ion–molecule reactions

Ghislain

Costarramone

Sotiropoulos

et al. 2019

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale The concentrations of aldehydes and volatile fatty acids have to be controlled because of their potential harmfulness in indoor air or relationship with the organoleptic properties of agri‐food products. Although several specific analytical methods are currently used, the simultaneous analysis of these compounds in a complex matrix remains a challenge. The combination of positive and negative ionization selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS) allows the accurate, sensitive and high‐frequency analysis of complex gas mixtures of these compounds. Methods The ion–molecule reactions of negative precursor ions (OH−, O•−, O2•−, NO2− and NO3−) with five aldehydes and four carboxylic acids were investigated in order to provide product ions and rate constants for the quantification of these compounds by negative ion SIFT‐MS. The results were compared with those obtained by conventional analysis methods and/or with already implemented SIFT‐MS positive ionization methods. The modelling of hydroxide ion (OH−)/molecule reaction paths by ab‐initio calculation allowed a better understanding of these gas‐phase reactions. Results Deprotonation systematically occurs by reaction between negative ions and aldehydes or acids, leading to the formation of [M − H]− primary ions. Ab‐initio calculations demonstrated the α‐CH deprotonation of aldehydes and the acidic proton abstraction for fatty acids. For aldehydes, the presence of water in the flow tube leads to the formation of hydrated ions, [M − H]−.H2O. With the NO2− precursor ion, a second reaction channel results in ion–molecule association with the formation of M.NO2− ions. Conclusions Except for formaldehyde, all the studied compounds can be quantified by negative ion SIFT‐MS with significant rate constants. In addition to positive ion SIFT‐MS with H3O+, O2+ and NO+ precursor ions, negative ionization with O•−, O2•−, OH−, NO2− and NO3− extends the range of analysis of aldehydes and carboxylic acids in air without a preparation or separation step. This methodology was illustrated by the simultaneous quantification in single‐scan experiments of seven aldehydes and six carboxylic acids released by building materials.

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Indoor aldehydes concentration and emission rate of formaldehyde in libraries and private reading rooms

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

Characterisation of mainstream and passive vapours emitted by selected electronic cigarettes

Characterisation of mainstream and passive vapours emitted by selected electronic cigarettes

Determination of formaldehyde by flow injection analysis with spectrophotometric detection exploiting brilliant green–sulphite reaction

Direct analysis of aldehydes and carboxylic acids in the gas phase by negative ionization selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry: Quantification and modelling of ion–molecule reactions

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