Induced defence reaction in the phloem of spruce (Picea abies) and larch (Larix decidua) after attack by Ips typographus and Ips cembrae

Rohde, Martin; Waldmann, Roger; Lunderstädt, J.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(96)03802-9

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Among the host phenols, catechin, which was active from a concentration (0.11%) lower than that recorded in the phloem of healthy spruce (approximately 0.2%; Lieutier et al , 2003 ), is known to be involved in the tree defence systems depending upon intensity, duration and success of pest attack. In this respect, a change of phloem content of catechin was observed as a specific defence reaction in spruce and larch ( Larix decidua Miller) infested by I. typographus and Ips cembrae (Heer), respectively ( Rohde et al , 1996 ). By contrast, taxifolin showed a poor antifeedant activity, particularly on females, although, it did show small but significant effects on males at concentrations lower than those occurring in the phloem of healthy spruces (approximately 0.3 -0.4%; Lieutier et al , 2003 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Conifer phenolic resistance markers are bark beetle antifeedant semiochemicals

Faccoli

Schlyter

2007

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 Phenols are important in conifer resistance to fungi associated with bark beetles and as markers for resistance to beetle mass-attacks. However, the mechanism of phenolic activity in conifer resistance to Ips typographus bark beetle remains unclear. 2 By a new bioassay, we tested the effect on host acceptance and tunnelling of male and female I. typographus in an artificial gallery (13 mm long) for 4 h (nochoice test). To the artificial diet, an aliquot of host (catechin, taxifolin, or resveratrol) or nonhost ( E-conophthorin) compounds was added, singly tested at doses close to those of tree bark. Host acceptance and tunnelling was measured by the amount of diet removed by the insects. 3 All tested chemicals decreased the tunnelling activity of I. typographus , with an antifeedant effect stronger in males and increasing with dose. No mortality was recorded. The nonhost volatile spiroketal, E-conophthorin, had the highest antifeedant activity both in males and females. Among host compounds, effects and dose -response were weak in females. Both catechin and E-conophthorin gave a 50% reduction of tunnelling at a concentration of 0.1% for males, the pioneering (host selecting) sex in Ips . The threshold of activity for host compounds to males was at concentrations of 0.03 -0.1%, which corresponds to, or is less than, the concentrations reported from spruce host bark. 4 The results allow us to support the hypothesis of a direct behavioural antifeedant mechanism for resistance from those phenols that are particularly active for the pioneering males during tree attack.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Conifer phenolic resistance markers are bark beetle antifeedant semiochemicals

Faccoli

Schlyter

2007

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…Ampedus auripes, Anobium pertinax, Leptusa pulchella, Malthodes hexacanthus, Nudobius lentus) for gaps by a higher diversity and availability of dead wood structures. The volatiles emitted by recently dead and dying wood attract several species of Scolytidae, such as Pityogenes chalcographus, Crypturgus cinereus, C. hispidulus (Bußler and Müller 2004;Rohde et al 1996). Of the blossom visitors without a connection to dead wood, the bees Andrena haemorrhoa, A. helvola, Bombus hypnorum, B. lucorum, B. pascuorum and the wasps Dolichovespula norwegica, D. sylvestris, Vespula rufa showed a preference for meadows, whilst the bees Andrena lapponica, Apis mellifera, Bombus bohemicus, B. hortorum, B. jonellus, B. pratorum, B. sylvestris, Lasioglossum lativentre, L. rufitarse, L. subfulvicorne preferred gaps.…”

Section: Species Depending On Particular Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in a national park: from pest to keystone species

Müller

Bußler

Goßner³

et al. 2008

Biodivers Conserv

224

126

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The influence of natural disturbance on biodiversity is poorly known in the intensively cultivated landscape of Europe. As an example of insect disturbance we studied effects of gaps generated by outbreaks of the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) on biodiversity in the area of the National Park ''Bavarian Forest'' and compared them with openings (e.g. meadows) created by humans in these forests. Insects were sampled using flight interception traps across twelve ecotones between edges of closed forest, six bark beetle gaps and six meadows. The diversity and species density of true bugs and of bees/ wasps increased significantly from the closed stand to the edge, and continued to increase inside the openings at interior and exterior edges. Species density in saproxylic beetles also increased significantly from closed forest to opening, but only across ecotones including bark beetle gaps. Similarly, the number of critically endangered saproxylic beetles increased significantly in bark beetle gaps. Using indicator species analysis a total of 60 species were identified as possessing a statistically significant value indicating preference for one of the habitat types along the ecotones: 29 of them preferred gaps, 24 preferred meadows, three were characteristic for edges of meadows, three for edges of bark beetle gaps, but only one was typical of closed forest. Most of our results support the thesis that I. typographus fulfils the majority of criteria for a keystone species, particularly that of maintenance of biodiversity in forests. Our results emphasize the value for the study and conservation of insect diversity of the policy of non-interference with natural processes pursued in some protected areas. As a recommendation to forest management for increasing insect diversity even in commercial forest, we suggest that logging in recent gaps in medium aged mixed montane stands should aim at retention of a part of the dead wood. Planting should be avoided, to lengthen the important phase of sunlit conditions.

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“…Some conifer species have been reported to show induced resistance against insects (e.g. WAGNER and EVANS 1985;WAGNER 1986;ROHDE et al 1996) and the fungi that they carry (e.g. RAFFA and SMALLEY 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐occurrence of the ascomycete Lophodermium piceae and the rust fungus Chrysomyxa abietis in Norway spruce needles

2001

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The frequency of needles and the proportion of needle segments infected by Lophodermium piceae were compared in symptomless and Chrysomyxa abietis‐infected, 1‐year‐old needles of Picea abies. In late spring, symptomless needles from both rust‐infected and healthy saplings were sampled. In addition, rust‐infected, totally chlorotic needles and needles with chlorosis along about half their length from the diseased trees were examined. In all three stands, the proportion of segments infected by L. piceae was larger in the rust‐infected half of the needle than in the symptomless half; but the difference was statistically significant in only one of the stands. The proportion of L. piceae‐infected segments among the nonrust‐infected needles was the same as that found for the uninfected half of rust‐infected needles (after correction for size differences). No differences in the proportion of L. piceae‐infected segments were found between the totally chlorotic, rust‐infected needles and the green needles of diseased or healthy trees.

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Induced defence reaction in the phloem of spruce (Picea abies) and larch (Larix decidua) after attack by Ips typographus and Ips cembrae

Cited by 34 publications

References 12 publications

Conifer phenolic resistance markers are bark beetle antifeedant semiochemicals

Conifer phenolic resistance markers are bark beetle antifeedant semiochemicals

The European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in a national park: from pest to keystone species

Co‐occurrence of the ascomycete Lophodermium piceae and the rust fungus Chrysomyxa abietis in Norway spruce needles

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