Induced Em Fields Inside Human Bodies Irradiated By EM Waves Of Up To 500 Mhz<sup>1</sup>

Chen, Kun-Mu; Guru, Bhag Singh

doi:10.1080/16070658.1977.11689044

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A disagreement between theoretical and experimental results was found in the neck. Figures 6-11 tends to support the validity of theoretical results on the induced electric fields inside irradiated human bodies reported previously by our group [Chen and Guru, 1977a, b].…”

Section: A Scheme To Overcome This Difficulty Is Shown Insupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The theoretical quantification of the induced electric field and the specific absorption rate (SAR) of em energy inside a realistic model of the human body irradiated by em waves has been reported recently [Chen and Guru, 1977a, b;Gandhi et al, 1977]. Experimentally, the induced SAR's were determined indirectly by measuring the temperature distribution in an irradiated phantom model of man with a thermographical method [Guy et al, 1976] or a liquidcrystal temperature probe [Gandhi et al, 1975] The main difficulty in the direct measurement of the induced electric field in a phantom model of man or in a biological body is the availability of a workable, implantable electric field probe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Measurement of induced electric fields in a phantom model of man

Chen¹,

Rukspollmuang²,

Nyquist³

1982

Radio Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An implantable electric field probe with an interference‐free lead wire system was constructed at a nominal cost for the purpose of measuring the induced electric fields in a phantom model of man irradiated by waves of various frequencies. The probe consisted of a short dipole loaded with a zero‐bias microwave diode, and the interference‐free lead wires were constructed with two series of lumped resistors of 3 k Ω. Characteristics of the probe were checked first by measuring the induced electric fields in irradiated, electrically small cubes filled with phantom material. The measured results were in good agreement with theoretical results obtained from the tensor integral equation method. A phantom model of man was constructed with thin Plexiglas filled with phantom material. The model was irradiated by 500‐ to 3000‐MHz em waves in a microwave anechoic chamber. Induced electric fields were probed over 28 locations in one side of the model. The distribution of the measured electric fields was compared with the distribution of theoretical results obtained numerically from the tensor integral equation methods. A qualitative agreement was obtained between experiment and theory. It was found that the agreement between experiment and theory tended to deteriorate at lower frequencies. The reason for this discrepancy is explained.

show abstract

Section: A Scheme To Overcome This Difficulty Is Shown Insupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of induced electric fields in a phantom model of man

Chen¹,

Rukspollmuang²,

Nyquist³

1982

Radio Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…is the freespace tensor Green's function, τ (r) = σ (r)+jω(ε(r) − ε 0 ), PV refers to the principal value of the integral as defined by van Bladel (1961) and E(r) is the unknown total field within the body. Livesay and Chen (1974) used pulse functions (E(r) and τ (r) were assumed to be constant within any cell) and this method was used subsequently to study plane-wave exposures of block models of the body (Chen and Guru 1977). The use of other IEs and/or basis functions has been reported by, for example, Hagmann et al (1979), Massoudi et al (1984), Tsai et al (1986) and Caorsi et al (1993).…”

Section: Methods Of Momentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the interaction of electromagnetic fields (10 MHz–10 GHz) with the human body: methods and applications

Hand¹

2008

Phys. Med. Biol.

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Numerical modelling of the interaction between electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and the dielectrically inhomogeneous human body provides a unique way of assessing the resulting spatial distributions of internal electric fields, currents and rate of energy deposition. Knowledge of these parameters is of importance in understanding such interactions and is a prerequisite when assessing EMF exposure or when assessing or optimizing therapeutic or diagnostic medical applications that employ EMFs. In this review, computational methods that provide this information through full time-dependent solutions of Maxwell's equations are summarized briefly. This is followed by an overview of safety- and medical-related applications where modelling has contributed significantly to development and understanding of the techniques involved. In particular, applications in the areas of mobile communications, magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermal therapy and microwave radiometry are highlighted. Finally, examples of modelling the potentially new medical applications of recent technologies such as ultra-wideband microwaves are discussed.

show abstract

“…While high electromagnetic fields induce microvibrations interpretable as resonance phenomenons (Chen and Guru 1977), the cell charges, alternate low frequency electromagnetic fields, seem to be due to weak and relatively slow actions (Adair 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Preliminary studies about effects of ELF and TAMMEF electromagnetic fields on human lymphomonocytes

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In our paper we studied the effects of exposure to ELF (extremely low frequency) or musically generated TAMMEF (therapeutic application of musically modulated electromagnetic fields) electromagnetic fields on the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) release induced by a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from cultured human lymphomonocytes of peripheral blood. Lymphomonocytes, isolated from blood donors buffy-coat, were prepared using standard techniques in cell culture flasks, kept in CO 2 incubator, with controlled temperature and humidity for 5 days. Flasks were subjected to an ELF electromagnetic field (100 Hz sinusoidal) or to TAMMEF electromagnetic fields (with intensity, frequency, and wave shape randomly modified in time, so that all possible codes can occur during a single application). The TNF-a release was determined by ELISA test every 24 h for 92 h and the results were evaluated by a non-parametric test. LPS induces a stronger TNF-a release in cultures that were subjected to ELF when compared with cultures subjected to TAMMEF, at each time period of the experimental protocol. These results seem to indicate that TAMMEF is able to induce a complex modulation of LPS-induced TNF-a release, a cytokine with pro inflammatory property whose release during chronic or neoplastic inflammatory diseases has strong negative effects on several organ systems.

show abstract

Induced Em Fields Inside Human Bodies Irradiated By EM Waves Of Up To 500 Mhz¹

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

Measurement of induced electric fields in a phantom model of man

Measurement of induced electric fields in a phantom model of man

Modelling the interaction of electromagnetic fields (10 MHz–10 GHz) with the human body: methods and applications

Preliminary studies about effects of ELF and TAMMEF electromagnetic fields on human lymphomonocytes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Induced Em Fields Inside Human Bodies Irradiated By EM Waves Of Up To 500 Mhz1

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

Measurement of induced electric fields in a phantom model of man

Measurement of induced electric fields in a phantom model of man

Modelling the interaction of electromagnetic fields (10 MHz–10 GHz) with the human body: methods and applications

Preliminary studies about effects of ELF and TAMMEF electromagnetic fields on human lymphomonocytes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Induced Em Fields Inside Human Bodies Irradiated By EM Waves Of Up To 500 Mhz¹