Induction and Recovery from Anesthesia in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus Fingerlings Exposed to Clove Oil

Abstract

The use of clove oil as an anesthetic for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings was examined. At 100 m a . clove oil induced anesthesia within 1 min following exposure. Fish recovered from a 10-min period of anesthesia in 100 mg/L clove oil within 4 min following removal from the anesthetic solution. At clove oil concentrations of 150 mg/L or greater, recovery times were prolonged, requiring longer than 10 min for recovery. At 300 mg/L, mortality was observed with half of the catfish fingerlings failing to recover from the 10-min exposure. Fish could be safely maintained in 100 m a clove oil for periods of up to 15 min; exposure for longer than 15 min produced both prolonged recovery times and mortality. At a concentration of 100 m a clove oil produced responses similar to those of the commonly used fish anesthetic MS-222. The low cost of clove oil relative to MS-222 and the extensive testing and use of clove oil in dentistry and as a food ingredient make clove oil an attractive candidate as a fish anesthetic.

Eficácia do mentol como anestésico para juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…Este resultado é diferente do obtido por Façanha e Gomes (2005), em que juvenis de tambaqui expostos a baixas concentrações (50mg L -1 ) de mentol passam por todos os estágios de anestesia. Juvenis de bagre do canal (Ictalurus punctatus) e truta arco-íris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) anestesiados com óleo de cravo (eugenol) também são induzidos a todos os estágios de anestesia com concentrações baixas (Keene et al, 1998;Waterstrat, 1999 apresentaram recuperação em 317,5s e 805s, respectivamente (Fig. 1F).…”

Effects of clove oil anaesthesia on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

“…The same effect of anaesthetic concentration levels on anaesthesia onset times has been described by Hirata et al (1970) for the crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and by Hamackova et al (2004) for the tench (Tinca tinca). Waterstrat (1999) reported 100 mg/l clove oil as a safe concentration for anaesthesia of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), adding that exposures longer than 15 min prolonged recovery times and increased mortality. Walsh and Pease (2002) recommended 60-80 mg/l clove oil for anaesthesia of anguillid eels (Anguilla reinhardti ) because it is effective, relatively inexpensive, and poses little risk to human health.…”

Safest level of tricaine methanesulfonate (ms-222) to induce anesthesia in juveniles of Matrinxã, Brycon cephalus

“…Fishes (n = 6 for each dosage) were individually exposed to dosages from 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, to 300 mg/L MS-222 for a period of ten min utes (Waterstrat, 1999), mean while behavioral responses have been ob served. After that fish were removed from the MS-222 and placed in 25 L aquarium containing 15 L of aerated fresh water to observe the recovery.…”

“…Therefore this work may point out fu ture recommendations to other tropical, and mainly others Amazonian species. According to Waterstrat (1999) 10 min is a standard time used to anesthetize fish, therefore, our study did not address the long-term consequences resulting from exposures to different dosages of the MS-222. Further studies are needed to determine the possible delayed or long-term effects.…”