Induction of anergic allergen-specific suppressor T cells using tolerogenic dendritic cells derived from children with allergies to house dust mites

Differentiation of type 1 T regulatory cells (Tr1) by tolerogenic DC-10 requires the IL-10–dependent ILT4/HLA-G pathway

“…45 pDCs activated with CpG express high levels of ICOS-L and induce IL-10-producing Tr cells, which suppress alloresponses in vitro. 45 Interestingly, Tr1 cells were induced after a single stimulation not only when allogeneic DC-10 but also when autologous DC-10 pulsed with peptide-allergens (Derp2) were used, 46 demonstrating that this culture protocol is efficient also with peptide antigens. These findings are important for the prospective clinical application of Tr1 cells because rapid and efficient ex vivo differentiation combined with Ag specificity are desired characteristics for cellular therapy with Tr cells.…”

Identification of IDO-Positive and IDO-Negative Human Dendritic Cells after Activation by Various Proinflammatory Stimuli

“…However, the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, known to restrain IDO activity by combined effects with suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (36), is downregulated on these cells. In addition, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, brought together with the IDO pathway (26), the induction of Tregs, or tolerogenic DCs (37), is also significantly downregulated on IDO-positive DCs. To comprehensively link IDO expression and cytokine production clearly more detailed studies are needed in the future.…”

The tolerogenic interplay(s) among HLA-G, myeloid APCs, and regulatory cells

“…34 Furthermore, allergen-specific Tr1 cells can be generated in vitro by stimulating human T cells with autologous tolerogenic DC-10 pulsed with allergen. 53 Interestingly, the expression of membrane-bound HLA-G1 and that of its receptors is up-regulated by IL-10 on both DC-10 and T cells, and the expression of high levels of membranebound HLA-G1, ILT4, and IL-10 by DC-10 is critical to the generation of Tr1 cells by DC-10. 54 Based on these findings, it has been postulated that HLA-G and IL-10 generate a tolerogenic loop: first, IL-10 up-regulates the expression of HLA-G and its receptors on both DCs and T cells.…”