Induksi Mutasi Kalus Embriogenik Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) melalui Iradiasi Sinar Gamma untuk Toleransi Suhu Tinggi

Abstract

Mutation techniques through gamma ray irradiation is useful to support breeding programs for genetic improvement of wheat. Genetic improvement on tolerance to high temperatures is necessary for development of wheat in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of radiosensitivity to be used as the basis for the induction of mutations by gamma ray irradiation on embryogenic callus to obtain putative mutants with high temperature tolerance. Explants used were embryogenic callus cultured on MS medium containing 30 g L-1 sukrosa, 2 g L-1 gelrite, 2 mg L-1 2.4D and 1 mg L-1 picloram. Culture incubated for 6 weeks with temperature 20±4 oC in the room culture. Five irradiation doses (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy) were used in radiosensitivity testing. A factorial, completely randomized design was applied to the experiment. The first factor was selection temperature with three levels (25, 30 and 35 oC), and the second factor was doses of gamma ray iradiation with three levels (10, 20, and 30 Gy). The result showed that radiosensitivity levels varied among varieties, LD20: 7.79 to 18.96 Gy and LD50: 24.29-33.63 Gy. Selayar variety which has highest sensitivity value compared with Dewata and Nias. Increasing doses of iradiation and temperature decrease survival of embryogenic callus, number of embryos, and percentage of germinated plantlets. Based on in vitro selection using high temperature (25, 30, and 35 oC), the obtained 19 putative mutants were derived from embryos that appear on the surface of embryogenic callus survival after irradiation and high temperature selection.<br />Keywords: in vitro selection, putative mutant, radiosensitivity, somatic embryo

Characterization of Potential Local Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L) from Papua as Alternative of Staple Food

“…Ekstrak etanol dari gembili memiliki aktivitas antikanker yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap siklus perkembangan sel kanker payudara (Rudiyanto 2015). Penelitian praklinik pada objek diabetes menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tepung gembili dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah atau dengan kata lain memiliki efek antihiperglikemik (Setiawan et al 2015).…”

Characteristic morphology and genetic variability of Benggala grass (Panicum maximum cv Purple guinea) through gamma ray irradiated on acid land

“…While, the lowest fresh crop weight was at 300 Gy and 350 Gy by 9.93 gr/crop and 13.18 gr/crop, respectively. The effect of radiation doses that leads to better productivity performance of crops at the sub-optimal land was also reported in the soybean in the dry land (Hanafiah 2012); high temperature wheat (Setiawan 2015); soybean at the dry acidic land (Giono et al 2014) and corn at the acid land (Lubis et al 2014), whereas, the induction mutation in the Benggala grass resulted in a mutant tolerant to acid land (Pongtokam et al 2005). The influence of the induction mutation (gamma ray) to the fresh weight is allegedly due to a mutation at the gen level causing a change in structure and position of gen in the chromosome.…”

Effect of Gamma Rays Irradiation and In Vitro Selection on Citrus nobilis (L.) ‘Siam Banyuwangi’ to Huanglongbing (HLB) Disease

“…Changes due to gamma rays irradiation are unpredictable because they are random, requiring further testing (Lisdyanyanti, Anwar, & Darmawati, 2019). Induction of mutation was able to produce mutants with a level of diversity in various selected characters (Setiawan, Khumaida, & Dinarti, 2015). However, this method requires further confirmation.…”