Infant Visual Attention and Stimulus Repetition Effects on Object Recognition

Reynolds, Greg D.; Richards, John E.

doi:10.1111/cdev.12982

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The ground‐breaking work by Nelson and Salapatek () set the stage for over 30 years of infant research examining the Nc across a variety of tasks, condition manipulations, and ages (Ackles & Cook, ; de Haan & Nelson, ; Karrer & Ackles, ; Marinović, Hoehl, & Pauen, ; Nelson, ; Nelson & Collins, ; Pickron, Iyer, Fava, & Scott, ; Reynolds, Guy, & Zhang, ; Reynolds & Richards, ; Richards, ) and LSW (de Haan, Johnson, & Halit, ; de Haan & Nelson, ; Nelson, ; Pascalis, De Haan, Nelson, & De Schonen, ; Reynolds & Richards, ; Webb, Long, & Nelson, ). However, whether there is a direct link between one of these components and the adult P300 is still debated.…”

Section: First Striking Report Of Developmental Differences: Studies mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to its similar properties, the Nc is a candidate precursor to the adult P300. In an elegant series of studies that incorporated measures of heart rate, ERP source localization, and behavioral measures of visual preference, the infant Nc was directly linked to orienting that occurs during periods of sustained attention (Reynolds & Richards, ; Reynolds, Courage, & Richards, ; Reynolds, Guy, & Zhang, 2011; Reynolds & Richards, ; Richards, ; for review, Reynolds, Courage, & Richards, ) and has been consistently localized to the anterior cingulate and basomedial/basolateral prefrontal cortex (Reynolds, Courage et al, ; Reynolds & Richards, ). These anterior regions are somewhat consistent with previously proposed adult P3a neural generators in adults (Polich, ).…”

Section: Contemporary Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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P300 development from infancy to adolescence

Riggins

Scott

2019

Psychophysiology

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This article provides an overview of P300 research from infancy through adolescence. First, a brief historical overview is provided highlighting seminal studies that began exploration of the P300 component in developmental groups. Overall, these studies suggest that the P300 can be detected in children and appears to reflect similar cognitive processes to those in adults; however, it is significantly delayed in its latency to peak. Second, two striking findings from developmental research are the lack of a clear P300 component in infancy and differential electrophysiological responses to novel, unexpected stimuli in children, adolescents, and adults. Third, contemporary questions are described, which include P300‐like components in infancy, alteration of P300 in atypically developing groups, relations between P300 and behavior, individual differences of P300, and neural substrates of P300 across development. Finally, we conclude with comments regarding the power of a developmental perspective and suggestions for important issues that should be addressed in the next 50 years of P300 research.

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Section: First Striking Report Of Developmental Differences: Studies mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contemporary Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

P300 development from infancy to adolescence

Riggins

Scott

2019

Psychophysiology

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“…This would be reflected by larger N290 amplitudes in the IDS compared to the ADS condition. On the other hand, as it has also been proposed 32 , if ostensive signals simply enhance attention and do not generate social expectations, the visual Nc component (related to allocation of attention 34,35 ) will be larger for stimuli following IDS compared to ADS in both experiments, regardless of faces orientation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 60%

“…In the 200-400 ms time window, there was no main effect of Speech Type or interactions with this factor, either on frontal-central or on the temporal sites (all ps > 0. 35).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effect of IDS on inverted faces -experiment 2. We used the same paradigm employed in Experiment www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ inverted faces disrupts face-specific configural-holistic processes indexed by the N170/N290 both in infants 35 and adults 15 . We reasoned that if IDS specifically affects the early processing of upright faces, the N290 in response to inverted faces will not be modulated by speech intonation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speech Intonation Induces Enhanced Face Perception in Infants

Sirri

Linnert

Reid

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Infants' preference for faces with direct compared to averted eye gaze, and for infant-directed over adult-directed speech, reflects early sensitivity to social communication. Here, we studied whether infant-directed speech (IDS), could affect the processing of a face with direct gaze in 4-month-olds. In a new ERP paradigm, the word 'hello' was uttered either in IDS or adult-direct speech (ADS) followed by an upright or inverted face. We show that the face-specific N290 ERP component was larger when faces were preceded by IDS relative to ADS. Crucially, this effect is specific to upright faces, whereas inverted faces preceded by IDS elicited larger attention-related P1 and Nc. These results suggest that IDS generates communicative expectations in infants. When such expectations are met by a following social stimulus -an upright face -infants are already prepared to process it. When the stimulus is a non-social one -inverted face -IDS merely increases general attention.Human infants demonstrate a strong early sensitivity to a range of social stimuli including faces, eyes and speech, all of which are attractive and interesting to them. For instance, both newborns and young infants orient toward and look longer at human faces compared to other equally complex stimuli 1-4 . Face inversion disrupts such preference 5 , suggesting the existence of a dedicated mechanism specifically tuned to upright, but not inverted, face-like patterns 4,6 .Newborns also prefer to look at faces with open compared to closed eyes 7 , and to faces with direct compared to averted eye gaze 8,9 . Direct gaze can also facilitate the face processing itself, helping infants to encode and recognize specific individual faces 10 . At 4 months, infants show a larger N290 component to faces with direct gaze contrasted to faces with averted gaze 8 . The N290 is an infant event-related brain potential (ERP), a precursor of the adult N170 component 11,12 known to reflect face perception 13,14 . In adults, face inversion disrupts configural-holistic face processing 15 , and similarly, face inversion disrupts the N290 effect for direct gaze in infants 16 .Sensitivity to social stimuli is not limited to faces and direct gaze. Newborns and infants also differentiate 17 and prefer 18,19 infant-directed speech (IDS) compared to adult directed speech (ADS). Relative to ADS, IDS has higher and more variable pitch, slower speed, longer pauses, limited vocabulary, shorter utterances and vowel alterations 18,20,21 . Newborns and 1-month-old infants look longer at a face when it produces IDS compared to ADS 22 . Robust preference for IDS over ADS does not depend on the gender of the speaker 19 or the native language of the infant 23 , suggesting that IDS has a universal appeal. ERP studies have also shown that IDS enhances the acoustic processing (200-400 ms time window) of speech 24,25 and boosts the neural activity and arousal (600-800 ms time window), particularly in response to familiar words 24 .Several hypotheses have been proposed to account for infants' fas...

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