Infection With HIV Type 1 Group M Non-B Subtypes in Individuals Living in New York City

Abstract

This study reveals infection with a broad variety of HIV-1 group M subtypes mostly in the immigrant population of New York City as well as how several non-B subtypes are being introduced into the United States.

Let’s Not Ignore a Growing HIV Problem for Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S.

“…Their HIV subtype was found to be the most common heterosexually transmitted subtype in Thailand. 27 …”

Large-Scale Analysis of the Prevalence and Geographic Distribution of HIV-1 Non-B Variants in the United States

“…There is evidence of increasing non-B prevalence in the United States, and it may be higher than generally recognized (29,(32)(33)(34). Although data are limited, studies have shown that the prevalence of non-subtype B varies greatly depending on the population analyzed, ranging from 0.6% in a northern California clinic-based setting (35) to 95% in African-born immigrants in Minneapolis, MN (28,36), and New York City (27). The largest published population-based study to date was performed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.…”

“…Most studies have focused on specific populations, such as military personnel, immigrants, or blood donors (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). There is evidence of increasing non-B prevalence in the United States, and it may be higher than generally recognized (29,(32)(33)(34).…”

Review of status of HIV strain diversity in the United States

“…The 57% of patients infected with subtype B appear to have become infected after coming to the US. A study conducted between 1999 and 2003 at three clinics in New York City, targeted HIV-1 infected patients that had immigrated from non-European countries or who reported risk exposure with persons from non-B endemic countries [Achkar et al, 2004]. Of 55 patients, 78% were infected with non-B strains which represented over six different subtypes and recombinant strains.…”