INFECTIOUS MYONECROSIS VIRUS (IMNV) IN PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP, Litopenaeus vannamei IN INDONESIA

Abstract

The aquaculture industry in Indonesia has been growing rapidly and plays an important role in rural development and export earning. Penaeid shrimp culture in Indonesia has become a leading export earning in fisheries sector. The main constraint encountered with shrimp culture has always been associated with disease outbreaks, especially, caused by viral agents. The Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was unofficially introduced to Indonesia in 1999, and officially approved by Indonesian government in 2001. By the end of 2007, the Pacific white shrimp has been cultured in more than 17 provinces. The Taura Syndrome (TS) disease was detected in Indonesia in 2002, and the disease is currently found in at least 10 provinces. The Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN) is an emerging disease for L. vannamei in Indonesia, first detected in May-June 2006, causing significant mortalities in grow-out ponds. The IMN is characterized by an acute onset of gross signs: focal to extensive whitish necrotic areas in the striated muscle, especially on the distal abdominal segments and tail fan. White necrotic areas become reddened similar to the color of cooked shrimp. The outbreak resulted in elevated mortalities was initially associated with a chronic course of persistent low level mortalities. Up to date, IMN was detected in East Java, Bali, and West Nusa Tenggara provinces. This paper is a brief review of the epidemiological study of IMN disease of Pacific white shrimp in Indonesia: the status of outbreaks, surveillance, and disease diagnosis, and control measures.

Surveying shrimp aquaculture pond activity using multitemporal VHSR satellite images - case study from the Perancak estuary, Bali, Indonesia

“…Litopenaeus vannamei was introduced as an alternative species, which was more resistant to WSD than P. monodon (Taukhid and Nur'aini, 2008). Because this species can be reared at very high density (> 100 shrimp.m -2 ), the production highly increased between [2002][2003] ( Fig.…”

“…At low temperature (26°C) comparatively to high temperature (> 30°C), viral replication increased and immune response decreased (Vidal et al, 2001;Reyes et al, 2007;Xue et al, 2015). WSD outbreaks could also be triggered by low salinity (Peinado-Guevara and López- Other viral diseases have affected the production of L. vannamei in Indonesia (Taukhid and Nur'aini, 2008). A serious outbreak of Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV) occurred in early 2003 in northern East Java and has spread fast to other provinces since then.…”

Kappa-carrageenan as immunostimulant to control infectious myonecrosis (IMN) disease in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Keberadaan penyakit di Indonesia pertama kali ditemukan pertama kali tahun 2006 (Taukhid & Nur'aini, 2009) pada usaha budidaya udang vaname di Situbondo, Jawa Timur (Senapin et al, 2007). Saat ini penyakit IMN telah terdeteksi keberadaannya di Jawa Timur, Bali, Nusa Tenggara dan Lampung (Taukhid & Nur'aini, 2009).…”

Managing infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) in Vannamei shrimp culture: Learning by doing

“…IMNV was classified in Family Totiviridae, which was a similar group with Protozoa and Fungal virus.Natural hosts Penaeus vannamei [1,2,3,10] . The typical symptoms of IMNV, like reddening of the last two segments, mortality at a slow rate in normal conditions and heavy mortality in stressed conditions, were reported [5,13,14,15,16] . It was a new pathogen for the Asian region with little information.…”