Inflammation-induced up-regulation of ionotropic glutamate receptor expression in human skin

Tan, Ping-Heng; Yang, Lin-Cheng; Chiang, P.T.; Jang, J.S.C.; Chung, Han-Chium; Kuo, Chun‐Yan

doi:10.1093/bja/aem398

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These glutamate receptor populations are up-regulated in inflamed human skin [86] and appear to be involved in sensitizing primary afferent nociceptors during inflammation and tissue injury [6]. For example, during inflammation, intraplantar injection of NMDA aggravated mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and boosted the excitability of nociceptive afferents in the inflamed rat paw [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of allodynia in patients with complex regional pain syndrome: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of topical ketamine

Finch

Knudsen

Drummond

2009

Pain

150

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Venous blood for plasma estimations of ketamine and norketamine was obtained one hour after application of the creams. Ketamine applied to the symptomatic limb inhibited allodynia to light brushing and hyperalgesia to punctate stimulation.Systemic effects of the ketamine are unlikely to account for this as plasma levels were below detectable limits. As touch thresholds were unchanged, NMDA receptors may contribute to sensory disturbances in CRPS via actions at cutaneous nociceptors.Allodynia and hyperalgesia were detected in the ipsilateral forehead to a range of stimuli (brushing, pressure, punctate stimulation, cold, heat, warmth). In several patients, ketamine treatment of the symptomatic limb inhibited allodynia to brushing the ipsilateral forehead, suggesting that the mechanism that mediates allodynia in the symptomatic limb contributed to allodynia at more remote sites. The present study shows promise for the use of topical ketamine as opposed to parenteral and oral forms which often result in undesirable side effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of allodynia in patients with complex regional pain syndrome: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of topical ketamine

Finch

Knudsen

Drummond

2009

Pain

150

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“…[ 6 7 ] NMDA receptors are found in peripheral nerves and the central nervous system. [ 8 9 ] Magnesium is also an antagonist of the NMDA receptor ion channel. [ 10 ] We planned to study the efficacy of magnesium sulfate nebulization to reduce the incidence of POST.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of magnesium sulfate nebulization on the incidence of postoperative sore throat

Yadav

Nitish

Ramachandran

2016

J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol

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Background and Aims:Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a well-recognized complication after general anesthesia (GA). Numerous nonpharmacological and pharmacological measures have been used for attenuating POST with variable success. The present study was conducted to compare the efficiency of preoperative nebulization of normal saline and magnesium sulfate in reducing the incidence of POST following GA.Materials and Methods:Following institutional ethical committee approval and written informed consent, a prospective randomized double-blinded study was conducted in 100 cases divided into two equal groups. Patients included in the study were of either gender belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) status 1 or 2 undergoing elective surgery of approximately 2 h or more duration requiring tracheal intubation. Patients in Group A are nebulized with 3 ml of normal saline and the patients in Group B are nebulized with 3 ml of 225 mg isotonic nebulized magnesium sulfate for 15 min, 5 min before induction of anesthesia. The incidence of POST at rest and on swallowing and any undue complaints at 0, 2, 4, and 24 h in the postoperative period are evaluated.Results:There is no significant difference in POST at rest during 0th, 2nd and 4th h between normal saline and MgSO4. Significant difference is seen at 24th h, where MgSO4 lessens POST. There is no significant difference in POST on swallowing during 0th and 2nd h between normal saline and MgSO4. Significant difference is seen at 4th h, where MgSO4 has been shown to lessen POST.Conclusions:MgSO4 significantly reduces the incidence of POST compared to normal saline.

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“…132 Furthermore, it was shown that (1) glutamate-like immunoreactivity increased in the epidermis and dermis of the inflamed human skin, 133 (2) the number of sensory axons containing iGluRs increased during inflammation in the rat model, 134 and (3) mRNA as well as protein levels for NMDA, AMPA, and KA receptors were up-regulated in clinically inflamed human skin. 135 This may contribute to the development of peripheral sensitization in inflammation and emphasizes the importance of glutamate receptor signaling in inflammatory pain. In line with this, it was recently reported that peripheral administration of an mGluR5 antagonist attenuated not only inflammation but also MO-induced nociceptive behavior in the craniofacial masseter muscle.…”

Section: Glutamate Signaling In Head and Neck Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral glutamate signaling in head and neck areas

et al. 2010

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The major excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is also found in the periphery in an increasing number of nonexcitable cells. In line with this it became apparent that glutamate can regulate a broad array of peripheral biological responses, as well. Of particular interest is the discovery that glutamate receptor reactive reagents can influence tumor biology. However, the knowledge of glutamate signaling in peripheral tissues is still incomplete and, in the case of head and neck areas, is almost lacking. The roles of glutamate signaling pathways in these regions are manifold and include orofacial pain, periodontal bone production, skin and airway inflammation, as well as salivation. Furthermore, the interrelations between glutamate and cancers in the oral cavity, thyroid gland, and other regions are discussed. In summary, this review shall strengthen the view that glutamate receptor reagents may also be promising targets for novel therapeutic concepts suitable for a number of diseases in peripheral tissues. The contents of this review cover the following sections: Introduction; The "Glutamate System"; The Taste of Glutamate; Glutamate Signaling in Dental Regions; Glutamate Signaling in Head and Neck Areas; Glutamate Signaling in Head and Neck Cancer; A Brief Overview of Glutamate Signaling in Other Cancers; and Conclusion.

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Inflammation-induced up-regulation of ionotropic glutamate receptor expression in human skin

Abstract: These results, in human tissue, demonstrate that iGluR mRNA and protein expression are increased during persistent inflammation and that this increased activity may be involved in mediating clinical inflammatory pain in human skin.

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Reduction of allodynia in patients with complex regional pain syndrome: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of topical ketamine

Reduction of allodynia in patients with complex regional pain syndrome: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of topical ketamine

Effect of magnesium sulfate nebulization on the incidence of postoperative sore throat

Peripheral glutamate signaling in head and neck areas

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