Influence of 15-crown-5 additive to a liquid electrolyte on the performance of Li/CFx – Systems at temperatures up to −50 °C

Ignatova, A. A.; Yarmolenko, O. V.; Tulibaeva, G. Z.; Shestakov, A. F.; Fateev, S. A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.01.075

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We find that Tafel polarization measurements, rather than EIS measurements, are more predictive of the overall capacity of a cell as a function of discharge conditions. Contrary to a recent report in the literature, 18 15-crown-5 was found to be a poor choice as an additive for a GBL-based Li CF x electrolyte, decreasing the capacity at −45…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

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Additive Effects on Li‖CF_xand Li‖CF_x-MnO₂Primary Cells at Low Temperature

Jones

Krause

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The effect of additives and electrolyte composition was investigated for Li CF x and Li CF x -MnO 2 cells operated at low (ca. −40 • C) temperature. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel measurements indicated that the anode is far more resistive than the cathode at low temperatures. Adding a small amount of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) to a propylene carbonate (PC) + 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) + tetrahydrofuran (THF) ternary blend was found to have a beneficial effect on the anode of a cell when using 0.5 M LiClO 4 as the electrolyte salt. Although the cathode impedance did increase with the addition of FEC, the overall cell impedance dropped dramatically, particularly at −40 • C. Capacity at low temperature was not significantly improved with FEC addition, however, indicating that static (i.e. EIS) measurements may not be the best tool to understand the cell under dynamic (discharge) conditions. 15-crown-5 (as an additive) proved to have severe negative effects on specific capacity.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…Based on promising reports in the literature 18,30 an investigation of 15-crown-5 as an additive was undertaken. First, the conductivity of the electrolyte with and without the additive was measured.…”

Section: -Crown-5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Effects on Li‖CF_xand Li‖CF_x-MnO₂Primary Cells at Low Temperature

Jones

Krause

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…It is well known that the viscosity of the electrolyte increases at low temperatures, which would hinder the Li + migration and reduce the ionic conductivity. This could lead to an intensified polarization of the battery and a rapid decrease of the discharge capacity and platform at low temperatures. , At −25 °C, when the current density is 500 mA g –1 , the middle value of voltage of the cell with TTE is 2.05 V and the specific discharge capacity is 565 mAh g –1 . However, the cell with an ordinary electrolyte has a middle value of voltage of only 1.75 V and a smaller discharge specific capacity of 400 mAh g –1 (Figure a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrochemical performance of coin cells was evaluated on a NEWARE tester, in which the discharge cutoff voltage was set to 1.5 V. The coin cells were placed in a constant temperature oven for high temperature-testing. For low-temperature testing, the cells were sealed in a Dewar flask filled with a mixture of ethanol, water, and liquid nitrogen, which was cooled to −25 and −50 °C . Before the low-temperature testing, the cells were kept at −25 or −50 °C for 1 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded by a Rigaku Ultima IV X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, acetonitrile (AN) has a high dielectric constant, low viscosity (0.343 mPa·s at 25 °C), and low melting point (−45 °C), and is thus selected as a cosolvent to improve the low temperature performance of Li/CF x batteries . Furthermore, similar effects can be obtained by adding additives to the electrolyte; , 15-crown-5 is a suitable additive to the electrolyte to achieve excellent low-temperature performance, which can be adsorbed on the surface of both the cathode and the anode and form a Li + -conducting layer. However, most of the research focuses on improving the energy density or low-temperature performance of Li/CF x batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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All-Temperature, High-Energy-Density Li/CF_x Batteries Enabled by a Fluorinated Ether as a Cosolvent

Ban

Jiao

Feng

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Lithium/fluorinated carbon (Li/CF x ) batteries have received widespread attention due to their high specific energy density. However, the development of Li/CF x primary batteries is seriously hampered owing to the low electrical conductivity and poor wettability against the fluorinated carbon electrolyte. Here, we report a CF x -compatible fluorinated ether-containing electrolyte for all-temperature high-energy-density Li/CF x primary batteries. Specifically, a CF x -philic 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE) is introduced to the carbonate-based electrolyte as a cosolvent. Benefiting from the low viscosity and low freezing point of TTE, the conductivity and wettability are drastically improved, contributing to a lowered charge-transfer resistance. Thus, the modified electrolyte with TTE endows Li/CF x batteries with high energy density of 850 Wh kg–1 at 25 °C and 745 Wh kg–1 at 55 °C under the current density of 5000 mA g–1, accompanied by high power density of 9931 and 10046 W kg–1, respectively. Even at the freezing temperature of −50 °C, Li/CF x batteries can still exhibit a high middle value of voltage of 1.91 V, and the discharge capacity is 299 mAh g–1 at 100 mA g–1. The improvement of electrochemical performance over a wide temperature range from −50 to 55 °C has greatly expanded the application of Li/CF x batteries.

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Electrolyte Strategy Enables High‐Rate Lithium Carbon Fluoride (Li/CF_x) Primary Batteries in All‐Climate Environments

Chen,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Lithium/carbon fluoride (Li/CFx) batteries have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional theoretical energy density (2180 Wh kg−1) in the battery field. However, its inadequate rate capability and limited adaptability at low‐temperature are major bottlenecks to its practical application due to the low conductivity of CFx materials and electrochemical inertness of discharge products LiF. Herein, an efficient and novel functional electrolyte formula is disclosed with tin trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sn(OTf)2) as an additive to solve these challenges. It is shown that Sn(OTf)2 possessing reasonable Lewis acidity can effectively facilitate the dissolution of LiF during the discharging process. Thereafter, the CFx electrode materials exhibit excellent rate performance with 1145 Wh kg−1 at 15 000 mA g−1 (or 15 A g−1, 30 °C) and high capacity retention of 95.8% at a low temperature of −50 °C compared with the operating temperature of 30 °C. Moreover, the Sn2+ dissolved from Sn(OTf)2 promotes the formation of Li‐Sn alloy on the lithium metal anode, effectively protecting the lithium metal anode, and Li/CFx battery can be well stored for over 1 000 h at 60 °C with negligible self‐discharge behavior. This work presents a novel electrolyte exploring strategy that can effectively guide the development of next‐generation electrolytes operating under extreme conditions.

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Influence of 15-crown-5 additive to a liquid electrolyte on the performance of Li/CFx – Systems at temperatures up to −50 °C

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Additive Effects on Li‖CF_xand Li‖CF_x-MnO₂Primary Cells at Low Temperature

Additive Effects on Li‖CF_xand Li‖CF_x-MnO₂Primary Cells at Low Temperature

All-Temperature, High-Energy-Density Li/CF_x Batteries Enabled by a Fluorinated Ether as a Cosolvent

Electrolyte Strategy Enables High‐Rate Lithium Carbon Fluoride (Li/CF_x) Primary Batteries in All‐Climate Environments

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Influence of 15-crown-5 additive to a liquid electrolyte on the performance of Li/CFx – Systems at temperatures up to −50 °C

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Additive Effects on Li‖CFxand Li‖CFx-MnO2Primary Cells at Low Temperature

Additive Effects on Li‖CFxand Li‖CFx-MnO2Primary Cells at Low Temperature

All-Temperature, High-Energy-Density Li/CFx Batteries Enabled by a Fluorinated Ether as a Cosolvent

Electrolyte Strategy Enables High‐Rate Lithium Carbon Fluoride (Li/CFx) Primary Batteries in All‐Climate Environments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Additive Effects on Li‖CF_xand Li‖CF_x-MnO₂Primary Cells at Low Temperature

Additive Effects on Li‖CF_xand Li‖CF_x-MnO₂Primary Cells at Low Temperature

All-Temperature, High-Energy-Density Li/CF_x Batteries Enabled by a Fluorinated Ether as a Cosolvent

Electrolyte Strategy Enables High‐Rate Lithium Carbon Fluoride (Li/CF_x) Primary Batteries in All‐Climate Environments