Influence of dissolved organic matter concentration and composition on the removal efficiency of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) during drinking water treatment

Kothawala, Dolly N.; Köhler, Stephan Jürgen; Östlund, Anna; Wiberg, Karin; Ahrens, Lutz

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.047

Cited by 152 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…One possible explanation could be that the larger amount of organic matter in the reject water compared to raw water (14 mg L −1 vs. 2.8 mg L −1 , see Table 1) created additional sorption sites in the column treating reject water. 36,37 In addition, enhanced biofilm growth in the column treating reject water could increase the sorption capacity of GAC for PFASs as observed for other micropollutants. [38][39][40] The AIX material performed better for the treatment of both raw and membrane reject water than GAC in the beginning of the experiment.…”

Section: Removal Efficiency Of the Adsorbentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Efficient removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water treatment: nanofiltration combined with active carbon or anion exchange

Franke

McCleaf²,

Lindegren

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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Section: Removal Efficiency Of the Adsorbentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Efficient removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water treatment: nanofiltration combined with active carbon or anion exchange

Franke

McCleaf²,

Lindegren

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…Granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption is one of the few treatment processes demonstrating significant PFAS removal from water [61,107,118]. GAC is effective in removing PFOA and PFOS in the absence of competing organics [106,119,120]. Designed appropriately, GAC will remove a contaminant to below detection limits.…”

Section: Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When treating natural waters competitive adsorption and preloading of dissolved organic matter (DOM) must be considered. PFAS removal efficiency with GAC is highly variable with PFAS chain length based on the type of DOM and PFAS [120]. In addition, breakthrough of PFBA before PFOA and PFOS has been observed [106].…”

Section: Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) in Drinking Water: A Comprehensive Review

Pontius

2019

Water

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Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are receiving global attention due to their persistence in the environment through wastewater effluent discharges and past improper industrial waste disposal. They are resistant to biological degradation and if present in wastewater are discharged into the environment. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued drinking water Health Advisories for PFOA and PFOS at 70 ng/L each and for the sum of the two. The need for an enforceable primary drinking water regulation under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) is currently being assessed. The USEPA faces stringent legal constraints and technical barriers to develop a primary drinking water regulation for PFOA and PFOS. This review synthesizes current knowledge providing a publicly available, comprehensive point of reference for researchers, water utilities, industry, and regulatory agencies to better understand and address cross-cutting issues associated with regulation of PFOA and PFOS contamination of drinking water.

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“…For these reasons, NOM should be removed from drinking water. According to the European Union Council Directive 98/83/EC and the Lithuanian hygiene norm HN24:2017 "Drinking Water Safety and Quality Requirements", the total amount of organic matter (the permanganate index (PI) determines the amount of organic matter) should not exceed 5.0 mgO 2 /L.The most common technologies used for NOM removal are coagulation [11][12][13], coagulation and hallow-fibre nanofiltration [14], nanofiltration [15], biofiltration [3,4,16], ion exchange [17,18], various oxidation processes [19], carbon nanotubes [20], and adsorption by granulated active carbon [21,22].Coagulation is the most common method for NOM removal. Iron and aluminium salts are used in large amounts, and play an essential role in the production of drinking water and the removal of NOM, colour, and turbidity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common technologies used for NOM removal are coagulation [11][12][13], coagulation and hallow-fibre nanofiltration [14], nanofiltration [15], biofiltration [3,4,16], ion exchange [17,18], various oxidation processes [19], carbon nanotubes [20], and adsorption by granulated active carbon [21,22].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Reuse of Groundwater Treatment Iron Sludge for Organic Matter Removal from River Neris Water

Albrektienė

Karaliūnas²,

Bazienė

2019

Sustainability

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The most important advances in sustainability in the water industry are focused on the reuse of water treatment sludge. The Antaviliai Water Supply Plant, which is located in Lithuania, treats groundwater by removing iron and manganese from it. This technology does not produce water waste, as the iron sludge is used for recycling. In this study, iron sludge received from groundwater treatment is used to remove natural organic matter from river Neris water, which can be used as drinking water. Twelve doses (from 1 to 6 g/L and from 0.1 g/L to 0.9 g/L) of iron sludge powder, with acid and without it, were used. The most effective removal of organic compounds (55.51%) and reduction in water colour (53.12%) were observed when 0.3 g of iron sludge powder and 8 ml of 0.95% H 2 SO 4 solution were added to the tested water. It was found that the use of a conventional coagulant (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 *17H 2 O), with and without iron sludge powder, decreased the concentration of organic compounds and water colour from 2.8 to 28.2% compared with the use of a pure coagulant (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 *17H 2 O) alone.Sustainability 2019, 11, 639 2 of 15 with granular activated carbon and membrane filtration [8], has an influence on pipeline corrosion [9], and has an influence on bacterial regrowth in distribution systems [10]. For these reasons, NOM should be removed from drinking water. According to the European Union Council Directive 98/83/EC and the Lithuanian hygiene norm HN24:2017 "Drinking Water Safety and Quality Requirements", the total amount of organic matter (the permanganate index (PI) determines the amount of organic matter) should not exceed 5.0 mgO 2 /L.The most common technologies used for NOM removal are coagulation [11][12][13], coagulation and hallow-fibre nanofiltration [14], nanofiltration [15], biofiltration [3,4,16], ion exchange [17,18], various oxidation processes [19], carbon nanotubes [20], and adsorption by granulated active carbon [21,22].Coagulation is the most common method for NOM removal. Iron and aluminium salts are used in large amounts, and play an essential role in the production of drinking water and the removal of NOM, colour, and turbidity. A large amount of iron-rich drinking water treatment sludge is produced during coagulation. That sludge requires handling and ultimate disposal through, e.g., landfill [23]. The term "water treatment sludge" (further referred to as the WTS) covers all wastes produced during the treatment of water in the WTS, and the properties of the WTS depend typically on the quality of the raw water and the applied treatment method [24]. The most important advances in sustainability in the water industry are focused on minimizing energy usage and reusing wastewater sludge. The conventional coagulant treatment has a considerable impact on the improvement of sustainability through coagulant recovery, which enables the atoms of coagulant metals to be repeatedly recycled and reused [25]. Different techniques have been adopted to recover iron or aluminium salts from the precipitate: ac...

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Influence of dissolved organic matter concentration and composition on the removal efficiency of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) during drinking water treatment

Cited by 152 publications

References 35 publications

Efficient removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water treatment: nanofiltration combined with active carbon or anion exchange

Efficient removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water treatment: nanofiltration combined with active carbon or anion exchange

Regulation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) in Drinking Water: A Comprehensive Review

Sustainable Reuse of Groundwater Treatment Iron Sludge for Organic Matter Removal from River Neris Water

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