Influence of exogenous salicylic acid on flavonolignans and lipoxygenase activity in the hairy root cultures of Silybum marianum

Abstract

Silymarin is one of the most potent antioxidant so far developed from plant sources used as hepatoprotectants. Influence of different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8mg/50ml culture) and exposure time (24, 48, 72, 96 and 120h) of salicylic acid on lipoxygenase activity, linoleic acid content, growth and production of silymarin in hairy root cultures of S. marianum were investigated. Detection and identification of flavonolignans was carried out by high performance liquid chromatograph method. Salicylic acid enhanced silymarin production (1.89mgg(-1) DW). The optimal feeding condition was the addition of salicylic acid (6 mg/50 ml culture) after 24h in which the silymarin content was 2.42 times higher than the control (0.78mgg(-1) DW). The content of silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, silydianin and taxifolin were 0.703, 0.017, 0.289, 0.02 and 0.863mgg(-1) DW respectively in these samples, while in non-treated hairy roots were 0.027, 0.046, 0.23, 0.022 and 0.453 respectively. Lipoxygenase activity also affected by elicitation. lipoxygenase activity increased 24h after treatment by approximately 1.57- fold (0.21 Delta OD(234)/mgproteinmin(-1)). Upon elicitation with salicylic acid, linoleic acid content of hairy roots (38.26mgg(-1) DW) were also elevated after 24h, in which the linoleic acid content was 2.37 times higher than the control (16.1mgg(-1) DW). It is feasible that elicitation with salicylic acid regulates the jasmonate pathway, which in turn mediates the elicitor-induced accumulation of silymarin.

Stimulatory effect of methyl jasmonate and squalestatin on phenolic metabolism through induction of LOX activity in cell suspension culture of yew

“…However, the involvement of the octadecanoid pathway in fungal and elicitor-inducible production of secondary metabolite was shown in Catharanthus (Menke et al, 1999) and Silybum (Khalili et al, 2009). Gundlach et al (1992) and Blechert et al (1995) also reported that endogenous jasmonate was accumulated after fungal elicitor treatment of cell cultures.…”

Accumulation of madecassoside - a major component of centelloside - in centella (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) cells elicited by salicylic acid

“…Meanwhile, many studies used SA to improve the biosynthesis of important metabolic compounds in cell or hairy-root cultures of different plant species, e.g. jaceosidin and siringin from Saussurea medusa (11), flavonolignans and lipoxygenase from Silybum marianum (12), phenolic metabolism in Matricaria chamomilla (13), metabolic changes of Catharanthus roseus cell cultures (14), podophyllotoxin from Linum album (15), and taxol from Taxus baccata (16). In a previous report, we showed a stimulatory effect of SA on the biosynthesis of asiaticoside in centella cells (17).…”

Salicylic acid improves podophyllotoxin production in cell cultures of Linum album by increasing the expression of genes related with its biosynthesis

“…Recently, Mustafa et al (2009) showed the effects of SA on the metabolic profile of Catharanthus roseus cell suspensions. SA also increases soluble phenolic compounds in Matricaria chamomilla plants (Kovácik et al 2009) as well as flavolignans in hairy root cultures of Silybum marianum (Khalili et al 2009), but the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of SA on the expression of genes involved in phenolic biosynthesis is still not fully understood. With the aim of gaining insight into the effects of SA on phenolic metabolism as well as improving the biotechnological production of PTOX, we developed cell cultures of PTOX-synthesizing L. album and treated them with SA at the end of the linear growth phase.…”