Influence of Extraction on the Yield, Phytochemical and LCMS Profile from Standardized Kemuning Leaf (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack)

Abstract

Introduction: Mahanimbine alkaloid is carbazole alkaloids found in kemuning (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack) potentially as antihyperlipidemia. Chemical compounds from plants can be obtained by extraction. The aim of this study was to determine influence of extraction solvents on the yield, phytochemistry and LCMS profiles from standardized kemuning to produce safe and quality medicinal raw materials. Materials and Methods: The study was used kinds of ethanol concentration with different polarity as a solvent for extraction. Solvent 40%, 70% and 96% of ethanol were used for maceration of simplicia from Bogor, West Java. The extract obtained was evaluated for the content of alkaloid compounds for LCMS then extracts were selected to be proceed to standardized extract quality. Results: The LCMS results showed that all 40%, 70% and 96% ethanol extracts contained Candidate Mass 354,19014 compounds which were thought to be e alkaloids based on the m/z value. Phytochemical screening in all extracts contained alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and steroids/triterpenoids. 96% ethanolic extract contained non-specific parameter such as content of compounds soluble in water 22,73%, soluble in ethanol 17,37%, drying down 9,10%, water content 18,36%, total ash content 4,18%, the yield of extracts was 33,45%, microbial contamination <3,0.10 4 (7,0.10 4) colony/g and mold yeast number 0 colony/g. The total gravimetric alkaloid level was 1,031%. Conclusions: 96% ethanolic extract of kemuning contains mahanimbine alkaloids and has met the standard quality requirements of extracts.

Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Akar Kaik-kaik (Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr.) Leaves Against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans

“…The positive results of alkaloid showed an agreement with literature which stated that Uncaria genus was known for their alkaloid constituents [4,29,30]. According to Wardhani et al [31], ethanol can be used to extracted the alkaloid from kemuning leaf. The statement was corresponded with Liu & Liu [32] which proved that the 70% ethanol was best solvent to extract alkaloid from Actinidia arguta fruits compared to 60% ethanol and 80% ethanol.…”

Diversity in Phytochemical Composition and Medicinal Value of Murraya paniculata

“…Different biologically active compounds such as coumarins, benzenoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, cinamates, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, alkaloids and tannins have been separated from different parts (leaves, fruit, flower and root bark) of Murraya paniculata ( Figure 1). In the flowers of this plant from India, the different phytochemical classes found were diterpenes, benzenoids, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes and fatty acid [1,2,6,7] . It has been proved in different studies that the presences of these biologically active compounds/secondary metabolites increase the value of M. paniculata as medicinal, industrial, repellent and ornamental plant.…”

“…Murraya paniculata (synonymous; Murraya exotica, Chalcas exotica , Chalcas paniculata , and Camunium exoticum ) is an evergreen plant which belongs to the genus Murraya and Rutaceace family. It is small ornamental plant of tropical and subtropical region because of its fragrant flower clusters [1–3] . M. paniculata widely grows in different countries of the world like in Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, China, India, Nepal, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Australia, Thailand, Vietnam, Central America, Southeastern USA [1,2] .…”

“…It is small ornamental plant of tropical and subtropical region because of its fragrant flower clusters [1–3] . M. paniculata widely grows in different countries of the world like in Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, China, India, Nepal, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Australia, Thailand, Vietnam, Central America, Southeastern USA [1,2] . This plant is known by its different common names in different countries, like in Pakistan it is known as orange jasmine , in India as kamini , in China as china box , in Nepal as bajardanta , [1] in Indonesia and Malaysia as kemuning [2] .…”

“…In India, Indonesia and Malaysia it is used in cooking and as food additive [1,4] . The presences of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, phenolic, tannins and Cinamates has been reported in various previous research reports, due to these secondary metabolites orange jasmine show pharmacological, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, insect repellent, anti‐fungal, and anti‐ malarial activities [1,2] . Terpenoids extracted from the flower of M. paniculata are used in cosmetic industry [5] .…”