Murraya paniculata is herbal medicinal plant which is traditionally being used for management of cardiovascular, intestinal and respiratory (air way) disorders. This evergreen plant of tropical regions is a member of Rutaceace family. The goal of this review is to analyze and report the biological activities and active phytochemicals reported from Murraya paniculata (M. paniculata) extracts and essential oil. The data was searched using different search engines and using specific key words including M. paniculata, herbal medicine, phytochemicals, extract, essential oil, pharmacological activities. M. paniculata has been found to have wide range of pharmacological activities, including antinociceptive, antianxiety, antioxidant, antidepressant, antibacterial, analgesic and anti-diabetic properties. A diverse range of phytochemicals, including phenols, coumarins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids have been isolated from various portions of the plant and tested for a variety of biological activities. This review will provide more information and stimulate additional research to develop more effective and cost-efficient alternative medicine from this plant.

Previously the nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical methods which were costly 15 and toxic to bio-systems. Plant extracts provides simpler, eco-friendly and cost efficient method for 16 synthesizing nanoparticles. Lemon peel extract (LPE) was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles 17 (AgNPs) which were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects after optimizing the pH of extract and 18 concentration of both extract and synthesized AgNPs. The characterization of synthesized AgNPs 19 was carried out using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared 20 spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Well diffusion method was used to determine the 21 antimicrobial activities of synthesized AgNPs. The presence of phenols and proteins was assumed to 22 reduce the Ag + ion into silver nanoparticles. The characteristic surface plasmon resonance frequency 23 was observed at 405-425 nm for all varying condition of silver nanoparticles synthesis. Furthermore, 24 results revealed that the synthesized AgNPs remains stable upto 75 days. The average particle size 25 was 2-5 nm, calculated with the help of scherrer's equation by using XRD data. LPE mediated 26 AgNPs (200 µg/ml) showed significant antimicrobial activity, compared to commercially available 27 nanoparticles while LPE (50 mg/ml) showed no effect. LPE mediated AgNPs might get attention of 28 pharmacists in order to design medicines against different diseases including the infections of 29 bacteria.30 Introduction 32The word "nano" originates from Greek, meaning "dwarf" and it is equivalent to one billion parts of 33 a meter [1]. The submicron size particles having diameter in the range of 1-100 nm are termed as 34 nanoparticles (NPs), showed special interest owing to vast applications in different fields including 35 chemistry, photography, and especially in medicine [2,3]. There are two kinds of NPs, first one are 36 synthesized by human beings intentionally, often termed as "engineered" NPs, and second one are a nanoparticles have gained special importance because of its smile size, increase surface area, surface 39 Plasmon property (SPR), good electrical and optical properties and many more [5]. 40 The metal nanoparticles can be synthesized by using bottom-up or top-down approach both of 41 which further comprise the chemical, physical and biological method [6,7]. The chemical and 42 physical methods employed for the synthesis of NPs are excessively costly, furthermore including 43 lethal, perilous chemicals such as ammonia (NH3), sodium boro-hydrate, ammonium formate, 44 sodium citrate, aniline and hydrazine that can directly damage the living organisms [8]. The 45 chemical and physical methods employed for the synthesis of NPs are excessively costly, 46 furthermore including lethal, perilous chemicals that can directly damage the living organisms [9]. 47 235 particles showed mono-dispersivity in the solution. LPE have potent capping, reducing and 236 stabilizing agents including proteins, phenols, terpenes, and alcohols whi...

This study aims to determine the effect of using silica gel and iron powder to inhibit the degradation rate of biodiesel. The method used in this study was an experiment of biodiesel storage for 8 weeks. In this research, an acid number test and bacterial TPC test will be used as a parameter to measure the degradation rate of biodiesel. From this study, it is known that the use of silica gel and iron powder can reduce the rate of degradation of biodiesel and can reduce bacterial growth. This is evidenced by decreasing the degradation rate to 46% in the use of silica gel and iron powder with composition 3.2 g / l silica gel and 2.4 g / l iron powder. while in tank 7 (control) experienced the highest increase of up to 112%. In testing TPC bacteria it is known that in tank 2 which has decreased by 99.8%. while in tank 7 there was an increase in the number of bacteria by 37.6%.

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