Influence of extreme climate conditions on the forest fire risk in the Timočka Krajina region (northeastern Serbia)

Abstract

⎯ The dependence of the influence of extreme climate conditions on the variability of forest fires in the Timočka Krajina region of northeastern Serbia was studied. The impact of extreme conditions was investigated with extreme climate indices using air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation measured at three meteorological stations in northeastern Serbia. The De Martonne index was used to analyze climate conditions as a measure for aridity. The study analyzes trends in extreme climate indices with an emphasis on the two contrasting years, 2012 and 2014, and compares them to the baseline period 1961-1990. The year 2012 was very warm and dry, while 2014 was one of the wettest recorded in Serbia. There was an increase (decrease) in warm (cold) temperature indices. Non-significant increases in extreme precipitation indices were observed, while the number of precipitation events greater than 1 mm decreased, as did relative humidity. Ångström index values were used as an index for assessing the risk of forest fires. These indices were analyzed and a correlation between them and forest fires in northeastern Serbia was established. The aridity index was low during the years 2012, 2011, and 2017, correlating with the large number of forest fires. High values of the Ångström index in 2013 and 2014 were associated with a minimum number of registered forest fires. As an improved indicator for the number of forest fires, the modified Ångström index using daily maximum temperature is proposed.

Forest fires in Serbia-influence of humidity conditions

“…On a regional scale, atmospheric circulation determines climatic elements that affect fires, and these are winds, precipitation, relative humidity, soil moisture, and air temperature (Amraoui et al, 2014;Pereira et al, 2005). The most favorable conditions for forest fires in Serbia are high air temperatures, low relative humidity, wind, and lack of precipitation (Tošić et al, 2020;Tošić et al, 2019). Malinovic-Milicevic et al (2016) state that trends in the duration of extreme temperatures and small amounts of precipitation are most pronounced in the summer season.…”

Forest roads as the key to forest protection against fire

“…Forest fires occur in Serbia almost every year and are a limiting factor in the sustainable development of forestry [27]. Many studies [4,19,20,26,28,29,30,31] have indicated that there is a correlation between the occurrence of forest fires in Serbia and climate conditions. The distribution of the fire-affected areas and the dynamics of fire outbreaks can be correlated with the climatic characteristics of certain areas [25].…”