The nature of an electromagnetic fi eld is not the same outside and inside a biological subject. Numerical bioelectromagnetic simulation methods for penetrating electromagnetic fi elds facilitate the calculation of fi eld components in biological entities. Calculating energy absorbed from known sources, such as mobile phones when placed near the head, is a prerequisite for studying the biological infl uence of an electromagnetic fi eld. Such research requires approximate anatomical models which are used to calculate the fi eld components and absorbed energy. In order to explore the biological effects in organs and tissues, it is necessary to establish a relationship between an analogous anatomical model and the real structure. We propose a new approach in exploring biological effects through combining two different techniques: 1) numerical electromagnetic simulation, which is used to calculate the fi eld components in a similar anatomical model and 2) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which is used to accurately locate sites with increased absorption. By overlapping images obtained by both methods, we can precisely locate the spots with maximum absorption effects. This way, we can detect the site where the most pronounced biological effects are to be expected. This novel approach successfully overcomes the standard limitations of working with analogous anatomical models. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2013;64:159-168 KEY WORDS: accurate locating, computational bioelectromagnetic modelling, electromagnetic fi eld, specifi c absorption rate (SAR) Krstić et al. PREDICTING BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MOBILE PHONE RADIATION

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The spillages due to collisions related incidents involving the wagon tankers, which carrying hazardous materials (hazmat), can be followed by fires or explosions, presents a severe threat to the safety of residents and nearby buildings. In this study, ALOHA and PHAST was used to evaluate the level of thermal radiation at different distances from the place of accident. Discussed scenario analyze a leakage of kerosene from a tanker wagon, from different opening diameters, where is formed a pool fire. As an assumption for location of possible accident, parts of the railway where it can be expected a large number of people and vehicles were taken. For study area was chosen city of Niš, Serbia.

Field modelling based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics methodology plays an important role in fire research, and in the fire safety design and risk assessment of buildings: CFD codes can potentially be used to evaluate the effects of different designs and of emergency systems, and to assess the performance of safety measures over a wide range of fire scenarios. In this study the NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator version 5 (FDS5), a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model, was used to simulate a series of full-scale fire tests of ventilation and sprinkler systems conducted in a test tunnel.

Original scientific paper Determination of optimal safe distance between buildings is a task of many safety and economic analyses. Generally, it is known that increasing separation distance increases fire protection of an adjacent building, but decreases the cost effectiveness of urban solutions. For this reason, CFD Large Eddy Simulation method of Fire Dynamics Simulator software package has been used in this paper to determine optimal separation distance required for preventing fire spread between two residential buildings facing each other. The minimum conditions necessary for ignition of the window curtains in the fire-exposed building located at different building distances (3,5 m, 4,0 m and 4,5 m) were analysed. The obtained results show that the fire does not spread at the distance of 4,5 m, and that the incident heat flux at the curtain surface is higher than the critical heat flux value of 12,6 kW/m 2 adopted in many building codes. Keywords: fire spread; LES method; residential building; separation distanceSimulacija širenja vatre između stambenih zgrada u odnosu na sigurnu udaljenost Izvorni znanstveni članak Određivanjem optimalne sigurne udaljenosti između zgrada bave se mnoge sigurnosne i ekonomske analize. Općenito je poznato da se povećanjem razmaka povećava zaštita od širenja vatre na susjednu zgradu, ali se smanjuje isplativost urbanih rješenja. Iz tog se razloga u ovom radu koristi programski paket CFD Large Eddy Simulation method of Fire Dynamics Simulator kako bi se odredila optimalna udaljenost potrebna da bi se spriječilo širenje vatre izmđu dviju stambenih grada okrenutih jedne drugoj. Analizirali su se minimalni uvjeti potrebni da bi se zapalile zavjese na prozorima zgrade izložene vatri smještenoj na raznim udaljenostima (3,5 m, 4,0 m i 4,5 m). Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da se na udaljenosti od 4,5 m vatra ne širi i da je ulazna količina topline na površini zavjese veća od vrijednosti kritične količine topline od 12,6 kW/m 2 prihvaćene u mnogim graditeljskim kodeksima.