Influence of Fining Agents on Glass Melting: A Review, Part 2

Abstract

The fining agents are substances with numerous effects on glass melting. The second part of our review summarizes both the benefits and disadvantages of fining agents used in the glass industry for the purpose of degassing glass melts and removing bubbles from molten glasses. Particular attention is paid to the usage of sodium sulphate and also to the chemical and physical factors connected with such phenomena as bubble nucleation and the foaming of glass melts.

Dynamics of rising bubble population undergoing mass transfer and coalescence in highly viscous liquid

“…As already pinpointed in section 1, the bubble removal in industrial plant is strongly enabled by the addition of "fining agents". Hujová and Vernerová [57,58] did a review of this mechanism in which the various fining agents are presented. Since the bubble removal is mainly driven by the bubble rising, the addition of chemical species disolving gas when the temperature increases leads to a bubble growth.…”

Impacts of temperature on sulfur solubility in low‐activity waste glasses

“…Many of the studies on sulfate as the fining agent for industrial glass melting did not observe the sulfate formation because at over 1400 • C the formation of sulfate did not occur, that is, the 𝐾 SD value is very large. 35,52 However, for waste glass research, the bubbling method can form a relatively stable molten sulfate layer when melting at 1150 • C and the extraction of sodium from the glass melt leads to undesired changes of the glass composition. 24 When measuring sulfur solubility by the two methods for a particular glass, the value from the SS is higher (Table 3).…”

Cell adhesion evaluation of laser-sintered HAp and 45S5 bioactive glass coatings on micro-textured zirconia surfaces using MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells

“…Also, some porosity is still visible. The BGLS exhibits a fused coating, however, rougher than the HALS coating, due to the porosity promoted by the melting and reboil effect of the viscous flow in the amorphous glass [36,37]. Occasionally some thin cracks are visible.…”