Influence of fuel mass load, oxygen supply and burning rate on emission factor and size distribution of carbonaceous particulate matter from indoor corn straw burning

Abstract

The uncertainty in emission estimation is strongly associated with the variation in emission factor which could be influenced by a variety of factors, like fuel property, stove type, fire management and even methods used in measurements. The impacts of these factors were usually complicated and often interacted with each other. In the present study, controlled burning experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of fuel mass load, air supply and burning rate on the emission of carbonaceous particulate matter (PM) from indoor corn straw burning. Their impacts on PM size distribution were also studied. The results showed that EFs of PM (EFPM), organic carbon (EFOC) and element carbon (EFEC) was independent of the fuel mass load. The differences among them under different burning rates or air supply amounts were also found to be insignificant (p > 0.05) in the tested circumstances. PM from the indoor corn straw burning was dominated by fine PM, and PM with diameter less than 2.1 μm contributed about 86.4±3.9% of the total. The size distribution of PM was also influenced by the burning rate and changed air supply conditions. On average, EFPM, EFOC and EFEC for corn straw burned in a residential cooking stove were 3.84±1.02, 0.846±0.895 and 0.391±0.350 g/kg, respectively. EFPM, EFOC and EFEC were found to be positively correlated with each other, but they were not significantly correlated with EF of co-emitted CO, suggesting a special attention should be paid to the use of CO acting as a surrogate for other incomplete pollutants.

Field measurement on the emissions of PM, OC, EC and PAHs from indoor crop straw burning in rural China

“…Most EFs were measured in chambers other than real stoves in laboratory studies (Cao et al, 2008; Jenkins et al, 1996; Lu et al, 2009; Shen et al, 2013a; Zhang et al, 2008b, 2011). For example, EF PM , EF OC , and EF EC for crop straws (corn, wheat, and rice) reported by Cao et al .…”

“…Emissions could also be different between burning in real stoves and laboratory chambers (Jetter et al, 2012; Zhang et al, 2000). Although the laboratory test under controlled conditions is essential for understanding emission mechanism and kinetics, and assessing factors affecting the emission (Grandesso et al, 2011; Jetter et al, 2012; Shen et al, 2013a; Zhang et al, 2000), it is believed that field measurements can provide more realistic EFs since a variety of fuel/stove combinations under random conditions in real environment can be covered and fire management behaviors are real. As such, the field measured EFs are crucial in emission inventory development (Christian et al, 2010; Johansson et al, 2008; Kar et al, 2012; Roden et al, 2009; Tissari et al, 2007).…”

Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Biomass Combustion

“…Gonçalves et al [1] pointed out that wood burning is one of the highest sources of fine particle emission in Portugal. However, Shen et al [71] observed that, during corn straw burning, the emission of fine particles was predominant.…”

“…Controlled burning experiments were conducted in the studies by Shen et al [71]. Their objective was to evaluate the influence of air supply, fuel mass load and burning rate on PM emissions, elemental carbon and organic carbon, as well as PM size distribution.…”

Effect of heating rate on gas emissions and properties of fired clay bricks and fired clay bricks incorporated with cigarette butts

“…In particular, Dunham et al (2001) and Rasmussen et al (2012) investigated shorter firing times in the manufacturing of clay bricks while Dondi et al (1999) compared the influences of fast firing and traditional firing on physical and mechanical properties of clay bricks. Gonzalez et al (2002), Cusido et al (2003), Gonzalez et al (2006), Gonzalez et al (2011) and Shen et al (2013) emphasised the reduction of gas emissions, specifically of fluorine, chlorine and sulphur, by controlling the firing temperature and mineral contents of the clay during the manufacturing process. Nevertheless, previous research provided very limited discussion on the effect of different heating rates, particularly on the gas emissions and on physical-mechanical properties of manufactured fired clay bricks.…”