Influence of High Temperature Stress of 16-Day Embryos on Subsequent Hatchability

Thompson, Joseph B.; Wilson, H. R.; Voitle, R. A.

doi:10.3382/ps.0550892

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…low temperatures at various ages affected hatching percentages, hatching time, weight and mortality rate of the chicks (Morgan and Tucker 1967;Ande and Wilson 1981;Suarez et al 1996). Nevertheless, no differences were found in hatching percentage and chick weights between controls and embryos exposed to 43.3°C for 3 h, 46.1°C or 48.9°C for up to 30 min and to 40.6°C for 48 h at 16th day of incubation (Thompson et al 1976). Al-Thani and Simkiss (1992) showed an interaction between the stage of development of embryos and the temperature of incubation; embryos incubated at 36°C lagged about 10 h behind those incubated at 38°C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Heat or cold chronic stress affects organ weights and Hsp70 levels in chicken embryos

Givisiez¹,

Silva²,

Mazzi³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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M. 2001. Heat or cold chronic stress affects organ weights and Hsp70 levels in chicken embryos. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 83-87. This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of heat (38.8°C) or cold (35.8°C) stress on chicken embryo development and tissues Hsp70 levels, after the 13th day of incubation. Embryo weight (percent egg weight), organ weight (percent embryo weight) and Hsp70 levels (ng Hsp70 µg -1 total protein) in different tissues (liver, breast muscle, heart, lungs, brain and kidney) were studied at the end of incubation. Cold stress induced a lower embryo weight and lower kidney and lungs weights, whereas heart and liver were lighter in heat-stressed embryos. An interaction between temperature and age was obtained only for Hsp70 levels in kidney and heart. Cold-stressed embryos showed higher Hsp70 levels in the brain, lungs and liver; a decrease in brain and breast muscle Hsp70 levels was seen from the 19th to 20th days in control embryos. Hsp70 levels increased with age in kidneys of control embryos and in heart of heat-and cold-stressed embryos. In conclusion, this study showed that chicken embryo organ weights are affected by incubation temperature, and that Hsp70 expression is tissue dependent (higher levels being seen in the brain) being cold-stress more effective in increasing Hsp70 levels in most studied tissues.Key words: Chicken embryo, development, Hsp70, incubation temperature Givisiez, P. E. N., da Silva, M. M., Mazzi, C. M., Ferro, M. I. T., Ferro, J. A., Gonzales, E. et Macari, M. 2001. Le stress chronique causé par la chaleur ou le froid modifie le poids des organes et la concentration de Hsp70 chez l'embryon du poulet. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 83-87. L'étude devait servir à évaluer les effets de la chaleur (38,8°C) ou du froid (35,8°C) sur l'embryogenèse du poulet et sur la concentration de Hsp70 dans les tissus après 13 jours d'incubation. On a mesuré le poids de l'embryon (% du poids de l'oeuf), le poids des organes (% du poids de l'embryon) et la concentration de Hsp70 (ng Hsp70 µg -1 protéines totales) dans divers tissus (foie, muscles de la poitrine, coeur, poumons, encéphale et reins) à la fin de l'Incubation. Le stress causé par le froid diminue le poids de l'embryon et celui des reins et des poumons, tandis que c'est le coeur et le foie qui sont plus petits chez les embryons soumis au stress causé par la chaleur. Une interaction entre la température et l'âge n'a été observée qu'au niveau de concentration de Hsp70 dans les reins et le coeur. Les embryons soumis au stress causé par le froid présentaient plus de Hsp70 dans l'encéphale, les poumons et le foie; chez les embryons témoins, la concentration de Hsp70 dans le cerveau et les muscles de la poitrine diminue entre le 19 e et le 20 e jour d'incubation. La concentration de Hsp70 s'accroît avec l'âge dans les reins des embryons témoins et dans le coeur des embryons soumis à l'un ou l'autre stress thermique. Les auteurs en concluent que chez l'embryon de poulet, le poids des organes est affecté par la te...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Heat or cold chronic stress affects organ weights and Hsp70 levels in chicken embryos

Givisiez¹,

Silva²,

Mazzi³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…The highest hatchability was exhibited in chicks that experienced 12 and 24 hours of thermal manipulation. On the contrary, Thompson et al [19] and Lay and Wilson [12] found no effect of increasing incubating temperature up to 40.6 °C at E16 for 24 h on hatching rate. The lack of consistency of our results with these studies may be related to differences in climatic conditions during the whole incubation period (differences in relative humidity, control temperature, and the background of the eggs prior to incubation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The effect of duration of thermal manipulation during broiler chick embryogenesis on body weight and body temperature of post-hatched chicks

2005

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-The significant developments in the genetic selection of fast-growing meat-type broiler chickens, coupled with insufficient development of their visceral systems, have enhanced the interest for thermal manipulations (TM) during susceptible periods of broiler embryogenesis, in order to improve thermotolerance acquisition. The duration of TM may affect both body weight (BW) and body temperature (T b ) of the chicks. This study was aimed at elucidating the effect of different duration periods of TM during broiler embryogenesis on the hatching rate, BW and T b at hatch and following thermal challenge (41 °C for 6 hours) at the age of 3 days (Challenged C or Naïve N, i.e. non-challenged chicks). Control embryos were incubated at 37.8 °C, whereas the TM-embryos were treated for 3 (D1), 6 (D2), 12 (D3) or 24 (D4) hours per day at 39.5 °C during late embryogenesis from E16 to E18. Different durations of TM did not affect BW of the hatched chicks, but significantly affected hatchability, which was higher in the D3 and D4 treatments compared to the D1 treatment. It further affected the T b of the treated chicks, which was significantly lower in all treatments than in the controls. During the challenge (C), all 4 treatments (D1C to D4C) exhibited a significantly lower T b compared to the controls. Eighteen hours post-challenge, D1C chicks maintained significantly lower T b than D2C, D3C and D4C chicks. The BW of the naïve chicks continued to be similar, whereas that of the challenged ones demonstrated a significantly higher value for D2C and D3C chicks compared to the Controls and D1C's. It can be concluded that out of the four TM durations, the best one to initiate improvement of thermotolerance acquisition requires 3 hours of TM per day during E16 to E18, whereas 6 and 12 hours per day may be the best to reach higher hatchability and initiate growth. However, further research is required to follow both responses during the whole life span of the chicks.

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“…Lay and Wilson (2002), although they did not report egg temperature, exposed the eggs to 40Á6 C incubator temperature. Thompson et al (1976) found that only the embryos thermally stressed at temperatures >40Á6 C were generally weaker. Collin et al (2005) incubated eggs for 3 h at 39Á5 C in their thermotolerance acquisition study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Thompson et al (1976) have suggested that temperatures below 40Á6 C were not stressing to chicken embryos and the birds thermally stressed at temperatures >40Á6 C were generally weaker. Thaxton et al (1968) demonstrated that high environmental temperatures (44Á4-47Á8 C) affect development of specific immune responses in young chickens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Histochemical and histological evaluations of the effects of high incubation temperature on embryonic development of thymus and bursa of Fabricius in broiler chickens

Öznurlu

Çelik

Telatar

et al. 2010

British Poultry Science

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1. The effects of experimentally induced heat-stress on the embryonic development of bursa of Fabricius and thymus of the chicken were investigated by means of histological and enzyme histochemical methods. 2. In the experiments, 250 fertile eggs of the Ross 308 broiler strain were divided into two groups. The control eggs were maintained under optimal conditions (378 degrees C and 65 +/- 2% relative humidity, RH) during the whole incubation period. Heat stressed eggs were maintained under normal conditions (378 degrees C and 65 +/- 2% RH) until the 10th d of incubation and then exposed continuously (24 h per d) to high temperature (388 degrees C and 65 +/- 2% RH). Blood and tissue samples were taken from 10 animals of each group at d 13, 15, 18 and 21 of incubation and at d 2, 4 and 7 post-hatch. Tissue samples were processed for enzyme histochemical methods in addition to routine histological techniques. 3. The results revealed that egg temperatures were higher than incubator air temperature. Long-term heat-stress (401-406 degrees C egg temperature) retarded development of thymus and bursa of Fabricius. Peripheral blood ACP-ase and ANAE-positive lymphocyte levels of heat-stressed animals were lower than in the controls. 4. These results give some morphological evidence for immunosuppression induced by high temperature exposure during the embryonic development. Temperature distribution and air circulation in incubator should be questioned in the case of lower broiler flock immunity.

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Influence of High Temperature Stress of 16-Day Embryos on Subsequent Hatchability

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Heat or cold chronic stress affects organ weights and Hsp70 levels in chicken embryos

Heat or cold chronic stress affects organ weights and Hsp70 levels in chicken embryos

The effect of duration of thermal manipulation during broiler chick embryogenesis on body weight and body temperature of post-hatched chicks

Histochemical and histological evaluations of the effects of high incubation temperature on embryonic development of thymus and bursa of Fabricius in broiler chickens

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