Influence of hydrogen addition to fuel on temperature field and soot formation in diffusion flames

Gülder, Ömer L.; Snelling, David R.; Sawchuk, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(96)80064-6

Cited by 177 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To determine the effect of these sources of error in the present measurements, the radiation emission along a chord of a ame as temperature and soot volume fraction pro les as a function of radial location in the ame at downstream locations of 10, 20, 30, and 50 mm compared with CARS temperatures 17 and two-dimensional LOSA scatter-corrected soot volume fractions. 24 represented…”

Section: Optical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrally resolved measurement of flame radiation to determine soot temperature and concentration

Snelling¹,

Thomson²,

Smallwood³

et al. 2002

AIAA Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A multiwavelength ame emission technique is developed for high spatial resolution determination of soot temperature and soot volume fraction in axisymmetric laminar diffusion ames. Horizontal scans of line-integrated spectra are collected over a spectral range of 500-945 nm. Inversion of these data through one-dimensional tomography using a three-point Abel inversion yields radial distributions of the soot radiation from which temperature pro les are extracted. From an absolute calibration of the ame emission and by use of these temperature data, absorption coef cients are calculated, which are directly proportional to the soot volume fractions. The important optical parameters are discussed. It is shown that a uniform sampling cross section through the ame must be maintained and that variations in sampling area produce inconsistencies between measurements and theory, which cannot be interpreted as spatial averaging of the property eld. The variations in cross-sectional sampling area have the largest in uence on the measurements at the edges of the ame, where the highest resolution is required. Emission attenuation by soot has been shown to have minor in uence on the soot temperature and soot volume fraction for the soot loading of the axisymmetric ame tested. An emission correction scheme is outlined, which could be used for more heavily sooting ames.

show abstract

Section: Optical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrally resolved measurement of flame radiation to determine soot temperature and concentration

Snelling¹,

Thomson²,

Smallwood³

et al. 2002

AIAA Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…͑1͒ is accurate. We have used the coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy ͑CARS͒ technique to measure temperature profiles in this flame, 17 and these profiles, shown in Fig. 3, have been used to calculate the theoretical beam deflection with Eq.…”

Section: Flame and Beam Steeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional imaging of soot volume fraction in laminar diffusion flames

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=3535830&lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=3535830&lang=frAccess and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.38.002478Applied Optics, 38, 12, pp. 2478Optics, 38, 12, pp. -2485Optics, 38, 12, pp. , 1999 Two-dimensional imaging of soot volume fraction in laminar diffusion flames Snelling, David R.; Thomson, Kevin A.; Smallwood, Gregory J.; Gülder, Ömer L. Two-dimensional imaging of soot volume fraction in laminar diffusion flamesDavid R. Snelling, Kevin A. Thomson, Gregory J. Smallwood, and Ö mer L. Gü lder A technique for acquiring two-dimensional soot-volume-fraction measurements in laminar flames has been demonstrated. The technique provides a map of very low noise concentration over a range of wavelengths ͑250 -1100 nm͒. A noise level of 0.0007 in extinction and a spatial resolution of 30 -40 m for soot concentration were achieved with an arc lamp source that was filtered to provide greater spatial coherence and a CCD detector. The broadband arc lamp source also allowed us to avoid the added noise resulting from speckle with coherent laser sources. Beam steering, due to refractive-index gradients in the flame, was measured and compared with theoretical predictions. The optical arrangement to minimize the effect of beam steering is described. As a result the beam steering had no effect on the soot measurements in the flames examined. Flame-transmission maps obtained with this system in an ethylene͞air laminar diffusion flame are presented. Tomographic analysis from use of an Abel inversion of the line-of-sight data to obtain radial profiles of soot concentration is described.

show abstract

“…It has been shown that hydrogen enrichment can improve flame stability and thus reduce NO x f o r m a t i o ni np r e m i x e dfl a m e s [1][2][3][4][5], as well as increase burning velocity [6][7][8]. For diffusion combustion, hydrogen enrichment can suppress the formation of soot particles [9,10] and shorten ignition delay [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical study on the effect of hydrogen/reformate gas addition on flame temperature and NO formation in strained methane/air diffusion flames

Guo¹,

Neill²

2009

Combustion and Flame

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A numerical study on the effect of hydrogen/reformate gas addition on flame temperature and NO formation in strained methane/air diffusion flames Guo, Hongsheng; Neill, W. Stuart This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. This paper investigates the effects of hydrogen/reformate gas addition on flame temperature and NO formation in strained methane/air diffusion flames by numerical simulation. The results reveal that flame temperature changes due to the combined effects of adiabatic temperature, fuel Lewis number and radiation heat loss, when hydrogen/reformate gas is added to the fuel of a methane/air diffusion flame. The effect of Lewis number causes the flame temperature to increase much faster than the corresponding adiabatic equilibrium temperature when hydrogen is added, and results in a qualitatively different variation from the adiabatic equilibrium temperature as reformate gas is added. At some conditions, the addition of hydrogen results in a super-adiabatic flame temperature. The addition of hydrogen/reformate gas causes NO formation to change because of the variations in flame temperature, structure and NO formation mechanism, and the effect becomes more significant with increasing strain rate. The addition of a small amount of hydrogen or reformate gas has little effect on NO formation at low strain rates, and results in an increase in NO formation at moderate or high strain rates. However, the addition of a large amount of hydrogen increases NO formation at all strain rates, except near pure hydrogen condition. Conversely, the addition of a large amount of reformate gas results in a reduction in NO formation.Crown

show abstract

Influence of hydrogen addition to fuel on temperature field and soot formation in diffusion flames

Cited by 177 publications

References 14 publications

Spectrally resolved measurement of flame radiation to determine soot temperature and concentration

Spectrally resolved measurement of flame radiation to determine soot temperature and concentration

Two-dimensional imaging of soot volume fraction in laminar diffusion flames

A numerical study on the effect of hydrogen/reformate gas addition on flame temperature and NO formation in strained methane/air diffusion flames

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About