Influence of immobilising anions on the redox switching of polyaniline

Jones, Viv; Kalaji, M.; Walker, Gavin S.; Barbero, C.; Kötz, R.

doi:10.1039/ft9949002061

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The corresponding potential peak separations DE p are 28, 25 and 40 mV. Comparing the electrochemical behavior of P 2 Mo 18 in the PPy film with that in aqueous solution, the formal potential of P 2 Mo 18 was approximately the same, but the corresponding DE p in the PPy film was less than that in aqueous solution, suggesting that the redox reactions of P 2 Mo 18 anion can be mediated by electron transfer through the PPy network, and P 2 Mo 18 in the matrix of PPy has a faster electron transfer [36]. Fig.…”

Section: Voltammetric Characterization Of Ppy/p 2 Mo 18 /Gc Electrodementioning

confidence: 80%

Preparation of a phosphopolyoxomolybdate P2Mo18O626− doped polypyrrole modified electrode and its catalytic properties

Zou

Shen

Peng

et al. 2004

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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Section: Voltammetric Characterization Of Ppy/p 2 Mo 18 /Gc Electrodementioning

confidence: 80%

Preparation of a phosphopolyoxomolybdate P2Mo18O626− doped polypyrrole modified electrode and its catalytic properties

Zou

Shen

Peng

et al. 2004

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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“…Although the infrared spectra of thick PANI films obtained from electropolymerization in solutions with ANI content equal or higher than 0.1 M have been extensively reported in the literature, [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] there are different explanations for similar bands. The characterization of the vibrational modes is difficult due to the baseline shift related to the change from a non conductive polymer (leucoemeraldine form) to a conductive one (emeraldine form).…”

Section: Pani Redox Switchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 In situ FTIRS has been used to study the redox processes in PANI, mainly in the internal reflection configuration (attenuated total reflection, ATR) [20][21][22] and less often by external reflection. [23][24][25] Dunsch and coworkers used ATR 26 and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) 27,28 29 In all these studies, only final products (PANI or oligomers) were observed. There is no reported detection of intermediate dimers.…”

Section: A Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic evidence for intermediate species formed during aniline polymerization and polyaniline degradation

Planes

Rodrı́guez

Miras

et al. 2010

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Spectroscopic methods are used to investigate the formation of low molecular mass intermediates during aniline (ANI) oxidation and polyaniline (PANI) degradation. Studying ANI anodic oxidation by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) it is possible to obtain, for the first time, spectroscopic evidence for ANI dimers produced by head-to-tail (4-aminodiphenylamine, 4ADA) and tail-to-tail (benzidine, BZ) coupling of ANI cation radicals. The 4ADA dimer is adsorbed on the electrode surface during polymerization, as proved by cyclic voltammetry of thin PANI films and its infrared spectrum. This method also allows, with the help of computational simulations, to assign characteristic vibration frequencies for the different oxidation states of PANI. The presence of 4ADA retained inside thin polymer layers is established too. On the other hand, FTIRS demonstrates that the electrochemically promoted degradation of PANI renders p-benzoquinone as its main product. This compound, retained inside the film, is apparent in the cyclic voltammogram in the same potential region previously observed for 4ADA dimer. Therefore, applying in situ FTIRS is possible to distinguish between different chemical species (4ADA or p-benzoquinone) which give rise to voltammetric peaks in the same potential region. Indophenol and CO(2) are also detected by FTIRS during ANI oxidation and polymer degradation. The formation of CO(2) during degradation is confirmed by differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the oxidation of a conducting polymer to CO(2) by electrochemical means. The relevance of the production of different intermediate species towards PANI fabrication and applications is discussed.

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“…Similar to anionic polyelectrolytes, the incorporation of heteropolyanions (in particular, polyoxometallates) inside the conjugated polymer film can be achieved by electro-or chemical polymerization in the presence of these ions in solution [249][250][251][252]. Owing to their relatively great size these species are trapped by the polymer matrix.…”

Section: 233mentioning

confidence: 99%