Influence of immobilization of bacteria, yeasts and fungal spores on the mechanical properties of agar and alginate gels

Application of palm pressed fiber as a carrier for ethanol production by Candida shehatae TISTR5843

“…The most commonly used immobilization systems of living cells are the entrapment and the adhesion. The advantages of the adhesion technique are its simplicity and reducing mass transfer problem associated with the entrapped cells in the carriers which have insufficient space for living cells that could lead to cell breakdown and leakage to the medium (Nussinovitch et al 1994;Behera et al 2010). Additionally, the pre-treatment of natural support was not necessary for cell adsorption.…”

Immobilization of Flax Protoplasts in Agarose and Alginate Beads (Correlation between Ionically Bound Cell-Wall Proteins and Morphogenetic Response)

“…Our results suggest that plant cells can perceive and respond to the adjacent extracellular matrix, since we show that the growth of flax cells on Ca*+-alginate i n the presence of auxincontaining medium may promote the binding of specific proteins to the walls. This establishes a direct correlation of an embryo-like morphogenesis with ionically bound cell-wall basic proteins in flax protoplasts grown on Ca'+-alginate-solidified, auxin-containing medium.Virtually any cell can be immobilized (Nussinovitch et al, 1994). However, the gentlest methods that allow the best cell viability must be used, and this is achieved by using agar-type polysaccharides, including agarose and alginate, a family of co-polymers, that are most frequently used for plant cell entrapment.…”

“…Virtually any cell can be immobilized (Nussinovitch et al, 1994). However, the gentlest methods that allow the best cell viability must be used, and this is achieved by using agar-type polysaccharides, including agarose and alginate, a family of co-polymers, that are most frequently used for plant cell entrapment.…”

“…Its simple gelation occurs by raising and lowering the temperature. However, this process does not exclude possible heat damage to the entrapped cells (Nussinovitch et al, 1994). Among the polyuronides, natural ion exchangers, the widely used alginate is a 1,4-linked linear polymer of P-Dmannuronate and a-L-guluronate in different proportions and sequential arrangements.…”

“…Within the gel, the polyguluronate sequences locked in a 2-fold conformation are known as the egg-box model (Grant et al, 1973). Thus, gelation of alginate is inotropic, with di-and multivalent cations, and has limitations, such as breakdown, in the presence of chelating agents (Nussinovitch et al, 1994). In this study Ca2+-alginate and agarose were used for the entrapment of flax protoplasts and subsequent analysis of the neosynthesized, accumulated, and secreted proteins of the protoplast-derived cell colonies.…”