16The key property of the fabrication of a biomaterial is to facilitate the replacement and/or 17 regeneration of damaged tissues and organs. To obtain such a biomaterial, we fabricated triple 18 minerals (strontium, magnesium and zinc) substituted hydroxyapatite/gelatin (M-HAP/Gel) 19 nanocomposite coating in electron beam treated titanium (Ti) metal. The influence of gelatin 20 concentrations in M-HAP was studied with its effect on the morphological changes, crystallinity, 21 mechanical and anticorrosion properties. The M-HAP/Gel nanocomposite coating (with 3 wt% 22 gelatin) on treated Ti resulted in better mechanical and anticorrosion properties as a consequence 23 of electron beam treatment of Ti. A reduced amount of bacterial colonies was observed for the 24 M-HAP/Gel composite against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) 25 microbes which evidences the less chance for the implant failure after implantation. Moreover, 26 the cell proliferation assay, live/dead staining of MT3C3-E1 cells and cell viability of fibroblast 27 stem cells on the resultant nanocomposite revealed that the M-HAP/Gel composite will definitely 28 be an effective implant material for better cell growth in the orthopedic applications.4 should mimic the properties of the natural bone. 1 Recently, hydroxyapatite (HAP, 5Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ) has been broadly used as a biomaterial due to similar characteristics as that of 6 the natural bone. 2 The HAP structure can accommodate a great variety of other substituents.
7Thus it can readily accept the minerals to mimic as bone like material. Among many mineral 8 ions, strontium (Sr) is an important trace element in human body and enhances preosteoblasts 9 proliferation and decreases bone resorption. 3 In addition, Sr-HAP can exhibit better mechanical 10 properties than pure HAP. 4-7 Zinc (Zn) is required for human as an essential element and its 11 requirement is estimated to be 15 mg day -1 . 8 Also, Zn has antibacterial activity, which minimizes 12 the bacterial load on the implant surface after orthopedic implantation and improves the 13 mechanical strength. 9,10 Similarly, magnesium (Mg) directly stimulates the osteoblast 14 proliferation and helps for the mineralization of calcified tissues which indirectly controls the 15 mineral metabolism. 11-13 Previously, Gopi et al., have developed minerals substituted HAP 16 coating over titanium alloy by pulsed electrodeposition method. 14 17In order to fasten/improve the biological interactions with the surrounding tissues, 18 nowadays, biopolymers such as chitosan, gelatin, etc., has been used. In particular, gelatin, a 19 natural polymer, is composed of unique sequence of amino acids such as glycine, proline and 20 hydroxyproline that motivate wound healing and intensify the osteointegration as well as three 21 dimensional tissue regeneration. 15,16 Moreover, gelatin is obtained by a controlled hydrolysis of 22 fibrous insoluble protein, collagen, which is the major cons tituent of skin, bones and tissues. 17 1 good ...