Influence of Maternal Anemia During Pregnancy on Placenta and Newborns

Abstract

Introduction:Sideropenic anemia is a common pregnancy disorder. Depending on severity, maternal anemia can significantly influence morphometric characteristic of placental tissue, pregnancy course and outcome. Objectives: to estimate if maternal anemia a) results with significant placental changes; b) influence on newborn weight, length and vitality.Patients, material and methods:Research included 100 women and their newborns, 50 anemic, and 50 women in the control group. Sixty placentas were collected, placental mass and volume was determined, and blood vessels of terminal villi were stereologically analyzed. Newborns mass and body length, and Apgar scores within 1 and 5 minutes after delivery were recorded.The results:Placentas of anemic pregnant women showed significant increase of terminal villi blood vessels (224,18 vs. 197,00 cm3; p<0,0001), but total placental mass and volume did not differ significantly. Anemic mothers’ newborns were significantly shorter (51,76 vs. 55,54 cm; p<0,0001), smaller body mass (3048,00 vs. 3615,60 g; p<0,0001) and delivered one week early (38,2 vs. 39,2 GW; p<0,0001), but not significantly poorer vitality (p>0,05) comparing with the control group.Conclusion:Sideropenic anemia increase placental maturity, that could be a possible cause of earlier spontaneous delivery among anemic women. The anemic mothers’ newborns are shorter and lower body mass, but not poorer vitality index.

Iron deficiency anemia at admission for labor and delivery is associated with an increased risk for Cesarean section and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes

“…Iron is crucial to biologic functions including energy production, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation. Maternal IDA causes preplacental hypoxia, which may influence the placenta and fetus . Recommendations for iron supplementation have been based on large‐scale studies of prenatal iron deficiency and associated adverse outcomes …”

Differential Approach to Diagnosis and Prognosis of Early Anemia in Premature Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome

“…У 90% випадків РАН має тяжкий ступінь, що призводить до потреби у трансфузії еритроцитарної маси [2,3]. Відомо, що анемія ви-никає на фоні мікроелементного дисбалансу, але дані стосовно дефіциту заліза та інших мікроеле-ментів (МЕ) у патогенезі анемії новонароджених суперечливі [4][5][6][7]. Невивченим залишається стан мі-кроелементного балансу при анемії у недоношених новонароджених із респіраторним дистрес -син-дромом.…”

“…Необхідність отримання інформації щодо ран-гових структур факторів ризику розвитку анемії у новонароджених із РДС з метою диференційного підходу до профілактики та лікуванню спонукає уче-них до пошуку показників інформативності [2,7,8].…”

Perinatal Outcome in Severe Anaemia Complicating Pregnancy

“…Low haemoglobin concentration was associated with significantly decreased APGAR score value during the first and fifth minute after delivery. 5 Peri partum maternal iron deficiency has also been associated with childhood developmental problems. 6 Infants of iron deficient mothers is at risk of developing iron deficiency anaemia at birth and infancy.…”