Influence of Methacrylate-benzyl Methacrylate-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone as Pour Point Depression on Cold Flow Properties of Diesel Fuel

Abstract

The addition of benzyl methacrylate–methacrylate copolymers to diesel significantly improves its cold flow properties, but it is always limited by a large dosage. To improve the depressing efficiency further, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), as a polar nitrogenous compound, was introduced, and a series of methacrylate-benzyl methacrylate-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone terpolymers (R1MC-MB-NVP) was synthesized at different molar ratios (1:1:1, 5:1:1, 10:1:1, 15:1:1, and 20:1:1). Those terpolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Their effects on the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and solid point (SP) of diesel fuel were evaluated. With 2000 ppm of C14MC-MB-NVP (15:1:1), treated diesel has an improved depression on the solid point (SP) by 23 °C, whereas C16MC-MB-NVP (5:1:1) treated diesel indicates an improved reduction on the CFPP by 14 °C. However, combined PPDs (PPDC-6) of C14MC-MB-NVP (15:1:1) and C16MC- MB-NVP (5:1:1) in a mass ratio of 1:4 present the best depressing effects, and the SP and CFPP of diesel treated with 2000 ppm PPDC-6 are decreased by 29 and 15 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the action mechanism of PPDs was studied by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and rheology analysis. Results showed that the introduction of NVP into PPDs not only improves the solubility and dispersity of wax crystals in diesel but also facilitates the formation of hydrogen bonds between PPDs and other polar substances and further disperses wax crystals into wax crystal molecules by the hydrogen bond ability.

Correlation Analysis of TSB Level and Globus Pallidus-Related Metabolite Indexes of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Newborn with Neonatal Jaundice

“…e reason may be that high serum TSB levels could lead to an increase in ml, which is associated with an imbalance in the regulation of cell osmotic pressure in brain tissue and further results in neuronal edema. e elevated Glx/Cr may be due to the cytotoxic effect of bilirubin inhibiting the function of astrocytes, the continuous release of excitatory amino acids such as glutamine, and the intense concentration of e study by Lin et al [23] found that the toxic effect of high bilirubin has the most pronounced impact on glutamine metabolism, and Glx/Cr showed great potential as an auxiliary diagnostic index for the diagnosis of bilirubin encephalopathy. Relevant studies have shown that NSE reflected the damage of bilirubin to neurons, and CK-MB and cTnl were indicators that could precisely reflect myocardial injury [1].…”

Effect of Pour Point Depressants Combined with Dispersants on the Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel‐Diesel Blends

“…The PPD was synthesized according to our previous work (Lin et al, 2020), and the synthetic processes are shown in the Supporting Information and Fig. S1.…”

“…At present, the combination of dispersants and PPD to improve the performance of biodiesel is still a challenge and needs further research. Most dispersants reported in the literatures have low molecular weight and high activity laboratory‐prepared copolymers (Biswell et al, 1955; Lin et al, 2020; Maithufi et al, 2011; Papke et al, 1991; Soni et al, 2008).…”

Polymer Cold-Flow Improvers for Biodiesel

“…Lin et al recently reported the synthesis of the terpolymers of C14 or C16 n -alkyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate (BM) and N -vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) [ 160 ] by free-radical copolymerization on the basis of 1–20:1:1 comonomer ratios ( Scheme 8 ). Similar copolymers, based on C12, C14, C16 and C18 alkyl methacrylates, were studied by Su et al as PPDs for the blends of the waste cooking oil BD (38.4 wt% of saturated FAMEs, CP = 7 °C, PP = 5 °C) with petroleum diesel (CP = −1 °C, PP = −12 °C) [ 161 ].…”