Influence of Mold and Heat Transfer Fluid Materials on the Temperature Distribution of Large Framed Molds in Autoclave Process

Zhang, Guowei; Zhang, Boming; Luo, Ling; Lin, Ting An; Xue, Xiangchen

doi:10.3390/ma14154311

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, some researchers also investigated the influence of different mold materials selection on the temperature. Zhang et al [ 10 ] used a CFD model to study the influence of two materials, copper and steel, on the temperature of large-framed molds. They found that using copper as the mold material can significantly improve the temperature uniformity of the mold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Sensitivity Analysis of Factors Influencing the Surface Temperature of Mold during Autoclave Processing

He,

Zhan,

Yang

et al. 2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the process of forming carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) in an autoclave, deeply understanding the global sensitivity of factors influencing mold surface temperature is of paramount importance for optimizing large frame-type mold thermally and enhancing curing quality. In this study, the convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC), the thickness of composite laminates (TCL), the thickness of mold facesheet (TMF), the mold material type (MMT), and the thickness of the auxiliary materials layer (TAL) have been quantitatively assessed for the effects on the mold surface temperature. This assessment was conducted by building the thermal–chemical curing model of composite laminates and utilizing the Sobol global sensitivity analysis (GSA) method. Additionally, the interactions among these factors were investigated to gain a comprehensive understanding of their combined effects. The results show that the sensitivity order of these factors is as follows: CHTC > MMT > TMF > TCL > TAL. Moreover, CHTC, MMT, and TMF are the main factors influencing mold surface temperature, as the sum of their first-order sensitivity indices accounts for over 97.3%. The influence of a single factor is more significant than that of the interaction between factors since the sum of the first-order sensitivity indices of the factors is more than 78.1%. This study will support the development of science-based guidelines for the thermal design of molds and associated heating equipment design.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Sensitivity Analysis of Factors Influencing the Surface Temperature of Mold during Autoclave Processing

He,

Zhan,

Yang

et al. 2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thermosetting composites have been widely used in aerospace, automotive, civil engineering, and other fields due to their light weights, high specific strength, fatigue resistance, and strong designability [1][2][3][4]. The composites are usually produced by an autoclave with a determined cure cycle profile in order to initiate and sustain an irreversible cross-linking of the resin [5][6][7][8]. With the composite increasingly used in complex structures, the thickness would exceed the applicable range of curing parameters recommended by Manufacturer Recommended Cure Cycles (MRCC) [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization Strategy of the Curing Profile for Autoclave Processed Thick Composite Laminates

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To mitigate the risk of manufacturing defects and improve the efficiency of the autoclave-processed thick composite component curing process, parameter sensitivity analysis and optimization of the curing profile were conducted using a finite element model, Sobol sensitivity analysis, and the multi-objective optimization method. The FE model based on the heat transfer and cure kinetics modules was developed by the user subroutine in ABAQUS and validated by experimental data. The effects of thickness, stacking sequence, and mold material on the maximum temperature (Tmax), temperature gradient (ΔT), and degree of curing (DoC) were discussed. Next, parameter sensitivity was tested to identify critical curing process parameters that have significant effects on Tmax, DoC, and curing time cycle (tcycle). A multi-objective optimization strategy was developed by combining the optimal Latin hypercube sampling, radial basis function (RBF), and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) methods. The results showed that the established FE model could predict the temperature profile and DoC profile accurately. Tmax always occurred in the mid-point regardless of laminate thickness; the Tmax and ΔT increased non-linearly with the increasing laminate thickness; but the DoC was affected slightly by the laminate thickness. The stacking sequence has little influence on the Tmax, ΔT, and DoC of laminate. The mold material mainly affected the uniformity of the temperature field. The ΔT of aluminum mold was the highest, followed by copper mold and invar steel mold. Tmax and tcycle were mainly affected by the dwell temperature T2, and DoC was mainly affected by dwell time dt1 and dwell temperature T1. The multi-objective optimized curing profile could reduce the Tmax and tcycle by 2.2% and 16.1%, respectively, and maintain the maximum DoC at 0.91. This work provides guidance on the practical design of cure profiles for thick composite parts.

show abstract

“…Wang et al [9,10] developed an optimization process combining numerical simulations with a greedy genetic algorithm to realize the optimal layout and geometry of the local-isolation structure in molds, and nally, achieve a more uniform heating condition and more synchronous curing process. Zhang et al [11] developed a reliable CFD simulation model considering the uid-thermal-solid interaction inside the autoclave and used the single-variable method to study the e ects of the material thermal properties on the temperature performance of large framed molds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the Temperature of Large Framed Mold and Curing Deformation of Composite Components in the Autoclave Process

Zhao

Yue

et al. 2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The temperature uniformity and thermal deformation of the tool in the autoclave forming process have an important influence on the forming quality of the composite components. In this paper, the prediction methods of the temperature distribution of the tool and the curing deformation of composite components in the autoclave forming process were developed. Using Ansys CFX fluid analysis technology, the temperature field of a large framed tool in the autoclave process was simulated, and the distribution of the surface temperature of the large framed tool was obtained. The calculated temperature field was then applied in the cure-induced deformation simulation of composite components. The thermo-chemical-mechanical coupling analysis was conducted to simulate the curing deformation of the composite components, and the numerical results were verified by practical engineering application.

show abstract

Influence of Mold and Heat Transfer Fluid Materials on the Temperature Distribution of Large Framed Molds in Autoclave Process

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Global Sensitivity Analysis of Factors Influencing the Surface Temperature of Mold during Autoclave Processing

Global Sensitivity Analysis of Factors Influencing the Surface Temperature of Mold during Autoclave Processing

Sensitivity Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization Strategy of the Curing Profile for Autoclave Processed Thick Composite Laminates

Prediction of the Temperature of Large Framed Mold and Curing Deformation of Composite Components in the Autoclave Process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About