Influence of Na⁺ content on the structure and morphology of TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal transformation of alkaline titanate nanotubes

Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate the role of Na + content in the morphology evolution of TiO 2 nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal approach. Various TiO 2 morphology from 0-dimensional (0D) nanoparticles to 1-dimensional (1D) nanorods were synthesised by hydrothermally treating the alkali titanate nanotubes with different Na + content. The XRD patterns show the phase transformation and crystallographic nature of alkali titanate nanotubes are strongly dependent on the Na + content, the cation exchange of Na + by H + ion exchange affects the crystallinity of the tubes and causes disorder of the interlayers of nanotubes. The SEM and TEM images confirm that Na + rich titanate nanotubes were thermally stable. Moreover, BET measurements revealed that the Na + content plays an important role on the specific surface area of formed TiO 2 nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO 2 nanoparticles was characterised via the decomposition rate of an aqueous solution of methyl orange (MO) under UV light irradiation. The TiO 2 nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermally treating the alkali titanate nanotubes with no Na + content has a surface area of 55.1 m 2 /g with nearly 100% photodecomposition of MO in 20 min.

Changing the morphology of one-dimensional titanate nanostructures affects its tissue distribution and toxicity

“…The present study attempted to form homogeneous TiO 2 nanotubes after hydrothermal at 160 C for 23 h; Figure 2(a) and (b) reveals TiO 2 nanotubes with rounded ends, multiwalls, random distribution, and average size cross section of 20 nm; the tube length extended to be about 100 nm with a diameter of 5 nm. The acquired image matched well with the prior research (Xiong and He, 2017) after hydrothermal treatment at 150 C for 24 h. Further, the HRTEM image of TiO 2 nanotubes revealed multiple layers, which are in good agreement with Viana et al (2009), who declared that based on the development mechanism, if the tubular construction has been developed, a couple of walls of numerous layers would be realized. Moreover, the exhibited form of TiO 2 nanotubes is a typical tubular form and exactly agrees with Liu et al (2015), who stated that the typical tubular structure has four walls and the interlayer of spacing is approximately 0.7 nm.…”

Solid State Transformation of TiO2 Rutile and its Photocatalytic Activity

“…The percentage composition of the three phase that was calculated by Match programe was 26.9, 19.1, and 54% consecutively for TiO2 rutile, TiO2 anatase, and Na4Ti5O12. It was in line with Xiong and He (2017) that the presence of Na+ initiated producing multiphase during the calcination process [15]. The absence of sodium titanate Na16Ti10O28 was probably transformed to more stable structure Na4Ti5O12.…”

In Situ Formation of Micropore-Rich Titanium Dioxide from Metal–Organic Framework Templates

“…For samples T5, the overall BET surface area decreases by 15%, which may be due to the presence of Na + ions in the interlayer space during TiO 2 nanoparticle formation (Figures S9 and S10). However, sample T4 prepared in acidic conditions attains a BET surface area of 335.7 m 2 ·g –1 , which is higher than that of previous reports (Table S5). ,− On the basis of the calculated pore size distributions (Figure b), a significant portion of surface area in the etched TiO 2 originates from pores with sizes of 4, 5.89, 6.79, and 14.83 Å.…”