Influence of Nonadiabatic Annealing on the Morphology and Molecular Structure of PEDOT−PSS Films

Schaarschmidt, Antje; Farah, Abdiaziz A.; Aby, Arun; Helmy, Amr S.

doi:10.1021/jp904147v

Cited by 91 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Each peak involves contributions from a spin-split doublet, S 2p 3/2 and S 2p 1/2 , with 1.2 eV energy splitting and a 1:2 intensity ratio. 41 The two peaks from 162.0 to 166.0 eV are well separated compared with the peaks from 166.0 to 171.0 eV. The S 2p 3/2 components at 163.5 and 167.8 eV correspond to sulfur atoms of the PEDOT and the sulfonate fragment of PSS, respectively.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Unraveling the Order and Disorder in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(styrenesulfonate) Nanofilms

et al. 2015

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Conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) exhibits a tunable conductivity ranging from 0.1 to 4380 S·cm–1 under different doping and/or dedoping strategies. However, the dependence of macroscopic electrical properties on the evolution of the microstructure is not clearly understood. This is the first study that systematically investigated the spatial arrangement of the ordered and disordered phases in PEDOT/PSS nanofilms by bright-field (BF), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and element-thickness mapping. Our observations clarify how amorphous PSS hinders electrical transport at various length scales in the PEDOT/PSS films. Moreover, the mechanism for an enhancement in 3 orders of magnitude in electrical conductivity was proved by TEM investigation, which is mainly due to a more uniform dispersion by dedoping that opens PEDOT nanoparticle clusters in PEDOT/PSS films. Our microstructural and electrical studies show that the change in spatial arrangement and interaction of small PEDOT domains plays a considerable role in the final electron transport.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Unraveling the Order and Disorder in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(styrenesulfonate) Nanofilms

et al. 2015

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“…Raman spectroscopy has been used to examine the structure of PEDOT, with major Raman peaks for PEDOT observed between 1150 and 1610 cm À1 . [18][19][20] Fig. 1d compares the Raman spectra of E7 and EM16 lms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed co-solvent engineering of PEDOT:PSS to enhance its conductivity and hybrid solar cell properties

Thomas

Leung

2016

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Conducting polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), have gained significant interest for their use in organic and organic-inorganic electronic device applications. Further enhancement in the conductivity of this polymer could accelerate its widespread use in electronic device applications. In addition, hybrid solar cells made of this p-type conducting polymer on Si have attracted a lot of attention in the fabrication of low-cost high-efficiency devices.Here, we demonstrate the effect of adding a mixed co-solvent of ethylene glycol and methanol in PEDOT:PSS to improve its conductivity and hence to enhance the performance of a hybrid planar Si solar cell. Based on our results, we establish a morphological model to explain the microstructure modification of PEDOT and PSS that contributes to the enhanced properties. We are able to engineer a thinnest PSS layer around individual PEDOT grains by adding a mixed co-solvent in PEDOT:PSS and achieve a highly conducting PEDOT:PSS film and a PEDOT:PSS/planar-Si cell with the highest photoconversion efficiency of 14.6% reported to date. Our present approach to generate highly conductive PEDOT:PSS by mixed co-solvent addition can also be used to improve the performance of other organic electronic devices based on PEDOT:PSS.

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“…The absorption peaks at 987 cm À1 , 989 cm À1 and 576 cm À1 correspond to the oxyethylene ring deformation. 21 …”

Section: Characterization Of Pedot/cs Thin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of a highly conductive PEDOT system by doping with partially crystalline sulfated cellulose and its electric conductivity

et al. 2015

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Using direct sulfation of cellulose, we prepared sulfated cellulose (CS) with various degrees of substitution of sulfate groups (DS), which we used as dopants for PEDOT. PEDOT/CS were prepared via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) in an aqueous CS solution. Films of the obtained PEDOT/CS were formed using spin-coating. As a reference, a PEDOT/PSS film was also formed. The electrical conductivity of the PEDOT/CS film with a DS of 1.03 was 0.576 S m À1 . In contrast, the electrical conductivity of the PEDOT/PSS film was 0.0153 S cm À1 . Using Raman spectroscopy, we found that the 1400 and 1500 cm À1 bands correspond to the C a QC b vibrations in the five-member PEDOT ring. Compared with the band of the PEDOT/PSS film, the band of the PEDOT/CS film red-shifted from 1437 to 1433 cm À1 and narrowed. We attributed the increased electrical conductivity of the PEDOT/ CS film to a greater proportion of the quinoid structure than in PEDOT contained in PEDOT/PSS.

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Influence of Nonadiabatic Annealing on the Morphology and Molecular Structure of PEDOT−PSS Films

Cited by 91 publications

References 33 publications

Unraveling the Order and Disorder in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(styrenesulfonate) Nanofilms

Unraveling the Order and Disorder in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(styrenesulfonate) Nanofilms

Mixed co-solvent engineering of PEDOT:PSS to enhance its conductivity and hybrid solar cell properties

The development of a highly conductive PEDOT system by doping with partially crystalline sulfated cellulose and its electric conductivity

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