This article reports on the electrical properties of Au–oxide–n-InP structures obtained by oxygen plasma oxidation and its influence on the conduction mechanism. A discussion on the evolution of the electrical and physical parameters according to the oxidation conditions is presented. We observed that the treatment time and the plasma power strongly influence the parameters, namely, the tuning coefficient, the barrier height at 0 K, the barrier lowering at zero bias, the correct value of the Richardson constant, the dielectric constant, the oxide capacitance, and the oxide thickness. Moreover, in accordance with the current–voltage–temperature measurements, the electrical and physical parameters describing the Au–oxide–n-InP structures depend significantly on the treatment parameters characterizing the oxygen plasma. The results obtained establish the relationships between the parameters of the conduction mechanism and oxidation conditions.