Influence of salmon carcasses on stream productivity: response of biofilm and benthic macroinvertebrates in southeastern Alaska, U.S.A.

Wipfli, Mark S.; Hudson, John; Caouette, John P.

doi:10.1139/cjfas-55-6-1503

Cited by 174 publications

(333 citation statements)

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“…By using several years' worth of data across seven streams with natural variations in temperatures and sockeye spawner densities, they used this natural variation to link subsidy supplies and temperatures to consumer responses. However, density of spawning sockeye salmon was not a significant contributor to coho responses, only the presence or absence of sockeye spawners, which also contrasts with several past studies (e.g., Wipfli et al 1998;Swain et al 2014). This exemplifies that additional controls from the physical environment can interact with the subsidy input rates to influence the recipient population's response through variation in allocation of energy.…”

Section: Special Issuecontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Wipfli et al (1998Wipfli et al ( , 1999 demonstrated that biofilm growth and densities of benthic invertebrates were positively related to the amount of salmon carcass added to experimental streams in Alaska. Manipulation of input rates of periodical cicadas to pond mesocosms demonstrated a positive response of biofilms and consumers along the input gradient (Nowlin et al 2007).…”

Section: Quantitative Effects Of Experimental Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Getting quantitative about consequences of cross-ecosystem resource subsidies on recipient consumers

Richardson

Wipfli

2016

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Most studies of cross-ecosystem resource subsidies have demonstrated positive effects on recipient consumer populations, often with very large effect sizes. However, it is important to move beyond these initial addition-exclusion experiments to consider the quantitative consequences for populations across gradients in the rates and quality of resource inputs. In our introduction to this special issue, we describe at least four potential models that describe functional relationships between subsidy input rates and consumer responses, most of them asymptotic. Here we aim to advance our quantitative understanding of how subsidy inputs influence recipient consumers and their communities. In the papers following, fish were either the recipient consumers or the subsidy as carcasses of anadromous species. Advancing general, predictive models will enable us to further consider what other factors are potentially co-limiting (e.g., nutrients, other population interactions, physical habitat, etc.) and better integrate resource subsidies into consumer-resource, biophysical dynamics models.Résumé : La plupart des études des apports de ressources entre écosystèmes ont démontré des effets positifs sur les populations de consommateurs récepteurs, dont, bien souvent, de très grands effets sur la taille. Il importe toutefois d'aller au-delà de ces expériences initiales d'ajout-exclusion pour examiner les conséquences quantitatives sur les populations le long de gradients du taux et de la qualité des apports de ressources. Dans notre article d'introduction au présent numéro spécial, nous décrivons au moins quatre modèles potentiels qui décrivent les relations fonctionnelles entre les taux d'apports de ressources et les réactions de consommateurs, la plupart étant asymptotiques. Nous tentons ainsi d'accroître la compréhension quantitative de l'influence des apports sur les consommateurs récepteurs et les communautés dont ils font partie. Dans les articles suivants, des poissons représentent soit des consommateurs récepteurs ou des apports, sous forme de carcasses d'espèces anadromes. Le développe-ment de modèles prédictifs généraux permettra d'évaluer quels autres facteurs pourraient être colimitants (p. ex. nutriments, autres interactions de populations, habitat physique) et de mieux intégrer les apports de ressources aux modèles biophysiques de la dynamique consommateurs-ressources. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Special Issuecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Quantitative Effects Of Experimental Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting quantitative about consequences of cross-ecosystem resource subsidies on recipient consumers

Richardson

Wipfli

2016

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…Indirect effects on young-of-the-year coho salmon may have come through increased aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate prey availability linked to spawning salmon (Wipfli et al 1998, Verspoor et al 2011, Hocking et al 2013. These resources are readily used by juvenile salmonids (Scheuerell et al 2007, Denton et al 2009.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, nutrients from salmon can contribute 20-40% of the nitrogen and carbon in stream-rearing juvenile coho (Bilby et al 1996). This can come from direct consumption of adult salmon tissue and eggs (Kline et al 1990) and indirectly through increased aquatic (Wipfli et al 1998, Verspoor et al 2011) and terrestrial invertebrates in the presence of spawning salmon (Hocking et al 2013), which provide potential prey for juvenile salmonids. The presence of spawning salmon increased energy intake of juvenile rainbow trout (Scheuerell et al 2007), and coho salmon (Heintz et al 2004, Armstrong et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of subsidies from spawning chum and pink salmon on juvenile coho salmon body size and migration timing

Nelson

Reynolds

2015

Ecosphere

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Abstract. Organisms transporting nutrients from highly productive ecosystems can subsidize food webs and alter ecosystem processes. For example, the carcasses and eggs of migratory Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) provide a high-quality food source that could potentially benefit other species of salmon rearing in fresh water. We investigated relationships between spawning chum (O. keta) and pink (O. gorbuscha) salmon density, and the body size and age of juvenile coho salmon (O. kisutch) in 17 streams on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada. Chum salmon density was the most consistently important and positive correlate of coho body size, in comparison with pink salmon density, juvenile coho salmon density, and numerous characteristics of habitats. This was shown by comparisons both among and within streams, and between sites above and below natural barriers to spawning chum and pink salmon. In addition, streams that had higher chum and pink salmon spawning densities had a higher proportion of age 0 coho (less age 1), suggesting earlier juvenile coho salmon migration to the ocean with increased spawning salmon nutrient availability. Most of the coho salmon sampled had little or no direct contact with spawning chum and pink salmon, which suggests an indirect, time-delayed influence on coho salmon body size.

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“…Although considerable amounts of salmon-derived nutrients imported into coastal watersheds are retained, large proportions are also exported downstream to estuaries (Gende et al 2004, Mitchell and Lamberti 2005, Cak et al 2008. The influence of salmon nutrients in estuaries has received some mention (Reimchen 1994, Wipfli et al 1998, Cederholm et al 1999, Lessard and Merritt 2006, Field and Reynolds 2013, but research on the topic is limited (Fujiwara and Highsmith 1997, Jauquet et al 2003, Cak et al 2008. However, the potential for estuaries to be affected by salmon nutrient subsidies is considerable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From earth and ocean: investigating the importance of cross‐ecosystem resource linkages to a mobile estuarine consumer

Harding

Reynolds

2014

Ecosphere

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Abstract. Externally derived resources often contribute to the structuring of ecological communities.Estuaries are one of the most productive ecosystems in the world and provide an ideal system to test how communities may be shaped by resource subsidies because they occur at the intersection of marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats. Here we tested the effects of both terrestrial-and salmon-derived subsidies, in addition to other factors such as habitat area, on the diet (inferred from stable isotopes), abundance and size of a mobile estuarine consumer, the Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister). Crab trap surveys encompassed 19 watersheds over two seasons in the central coast of British Columbia, Canada, which spanned natural gradients in estuary size, watershed size, riparian tree composition, and Pacific salmon spawning density. Stable isotope ratios of crab tissue confirmed the predictions that estuarine nutrient regimes can be strongly affected by upstream watershed size, salmon density, and the dominance of nitrogen-fixing red alder (Alnus rubra). There were more crabs in larger estuaries and the largest crabs were found in estuaries below the largest watersheds. The proportional contributions of terrestrial-and salmon-derived subsidies to the diet of Dungeness crabs increased with watershed size and salmon density, respectively. These results confirmed that resource subsidies can constitute large proportions of the Dungeness crab's diet, that crab abundance is determined by habitat size, but that crab size is affected by the magnitude of terrestrial resource influx.

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Influence of salmon carcasses on stream productivity: response of biofilm and benthic macroinvertebrates in southeastern Alaska, U.S.A.

Cited by 174 publications

References 0 publications

Getting quantitative about consequences of cross-ecosystem resource subsidies on recipient consumers

Getting quantitative about consequences of cross-ecosystem resource subsidies on recipient consumers

Effects of subsidies from spawning chum and pink salmon on juvenile coho salmon body size and migration timing

From earth and ocean: investigating the importance of cross‐ecosystem resource linkages to a mobile estuarine consumer

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