Influence of smoking and body weight on adipokines in middle aged women

Abstract

ObjectiveQuitting smoking was associated with an undesirable weight gain. Both, cigarette smoking and obesity were accompanied by subclinical systemic inflammation. This may cause unfavourable changes in (plasma) adipokine concentration. The aim of the present study was to establish the influence of moderate cigarette smoking on the concentration of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin and the pro-inflammatory factors CRP, SAA, IL-6 and TNF-α in non-obese (n = 138) and obese (n = 175) perimenopausal women of the DRECAN-2005 survey.ResultsAmong non-obese women, adiponectin was significantly lower in smokers than in non-smokers (16.88 ± 6.85 vs. 20.63 ± 10.04 μg/ml; P < 0.05). Leptin tended to lower values, too. Among obese women, none significant differences in adiponectin or leptin concentration were observed between smokers and non-smokers. In obese smokers and obese non-smokers, the adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower and the leptin concentrations were significantly higher than in non-obese non-smokers. Non-obese smokers showed significantly higher leukocyte count (6.50 ± 1.83 vs. 5.51 ± 1.31 GPT/l; P < 0.001) and serum amyloid A concentration (7.81 ± 1.25 vs. 4.22 ± 1.43 mg/l; P < 0.05) than non-obese non-smokers. There were only tendencies to higher concentration of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α. In obese women, moderate cigarette smoking was not associated with higher leukocyte count or concentration of SAA. Among non-smokers, overweight was associated higher concentration of leptin (22.16 ± 12.16 vs. 11.49 ± 6.37 ng/ml; P < 0.001) and with significantly lower concentration of adiponectin (16.29 ± 8.01 vs. 20.77 ± 9.99 μg/ml; P < 0.001). Among smokers, overweight was associated with higher leptin concentration only (obese: 18.62 ± 13.46 vs. non-obese: 8.84 ± 4.92 ng/ml; P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn non-obese middle aged women, even moderate cigarette smoking adversely influences the serum concentration of adiponectin and SAA. Over-weight hides possible effects of smoking on cytokines and adipokines.

Maternal serum adiponectin at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation in the prediction of macrosomia

“…Consequently, in the comparison between the macrosomic and non‐macrosomic groups, the levels in maternal serum must be adjusted for these maternal characteristics. These findings are compatible with results of previous studies in non‐pregnant individuals, which reported a poor adipocytokine profile in women of African and South Asian racial origin (Meilleur et al , 2010; Mente et al , 2010) and in cigarette smokers (Swarbrick and Havel, 2008; Bergmann and Siekmeier, 2009). Similarly, studies in pregnancy have also shown decreased adiponectin levels with smoking and in women of African, South Asian and East Asian racial origin (Retnakaran et al , 2004; Nien et al , 2007).…”

Factors Related with Adiponectinemia in Obese and Normal-Weight Women and with Its Variation in Weight Loss Programs

“…In normal-weight women, smoking has a deleterious effect on adiponectin circulating levels which is in accordance to previous data [ 25 ]. However, this is not observed in the obese group, perhaps because the prevalence of smokers is far less than in the control group.…”

Reproducibility of biomarkers in induced sputum and in serum from chronic smokers

“…The relevance of this finding is not straight forward as also relatively trivial inflammatory stimuli can lead to rapid SAA responses [23]. Nevertheless our findings are at odds with previous reports [24,25] showing higher level of SAA in smokers, for which we have no explanation.…”