Influence of subsurface biosphere on geochemical fluxes from diffuse hydrothermal fluids

Wankel, Scott D.; Germanovich, L. N.; Lilley, Marvin D.; Genc, Gence; DiPerna, C. J.; Bradley, Alexander S.; Olson, E. J.; Girguis, Peter R.

doi:10.1038/ngeo1183

Cited by 106 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, if converting the hydrogen concentrations of the endmember fluids to mixed fluids with a 6.9% endmember portion, considerably more hydrogen should be available in the low-temperature emissions, namely 110 mM, suggesting that hydrogen is being consumed biologically. Likewise, in other low-temperature diffuse fluids hydrogen concentrations are 50-80% lower than predicted and the loss of hydrogen in such fluids has been attributed to biological activity (Wankel et al, 2011). Conclusively, sufficient hydrogen is available in the Sisters Peak hydrothermal system to support our hydrogen consumption rates.…”

Section: Environmental Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…It is very difficult to estimate fluxes from venting environments as diffused fluid emanations are highly variable. For the Sisters Peak hydrothermal fluid emission site no fluid flow rates are available, but flow rates for lowtemperature venting sites have been estimated at 116-17 580 l h À 1 (Sarrazin et al, 2009;Wankel et al, 2011). Assuming that the Sisters Peak low-temperature fluids emanate at a rate as has been estimated for other venting sites and assuming that all the local Thiomicrospira species are active and consume hydrogen at the above mentioned rates then between 84 nmol (0.00002 kJ) and 105 mmol hydrogen (0.025 kJ) could be consumed and subsequently 17 nmol and 21 mmol CO 2 could be fixed at one venting site in 1 h by Thiomicrospira.…”

Section: Environmental Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel hydrogen oxidizer amidst the sulfur-oxidizing Thiomicrospira lineage

Hansen

Perner

2014

The ISME Journal

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Thiomicrospira species are ubiquitously found in various marine environments and appear particularly common in hydrothermal vent systems. Members of this lineage are commonly classified as sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophs. Although sequencing of Thiomicrospira crunogena's genome has revealed genes that encode enzymes for hydrogen uptake activity and for hydrogenase maturation and assembly, hydrogen uptake ability has so far not been reported for any Thiomicrospira species. We isolated a Thiomicrospira species (SP-41) from a deep sea hydrothermal vent and demonstrated that it can oxidize hydrogen. We show in vivo hydrogen consumption, hydrogen uptake activity in partially purified protein extracts and transcript abundance of hydrogenases during different growth stages. The ability of this strain to oxidize hydrogen opens up new perspectives with respect to the physiology of Thiomicrospira species that have been detected in hydrothermal vents and that have so far been exclusively associated with sulfur oxidation.

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Section: Environmental Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Environmental Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel hydrogen oxidizer amidst the sulfur-oxidizing Thiomicrospira lineage

Hansen

Perner

2014

The ISME Journal

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“…Given recent advances in our understanding of the important role of the subsurface biosphere of diffuse hydrothemal vents in modulating geochemical fluxes in the deep ocean (e.g., Wankel et al, 2011;Bourbonnais et al, 2012), we attempt here to improve upon Codispoti's estimate and at least derive a possible range of values for gross global marine N loss occurring in the subsurface biosphere, based on denitrification rates measured in this study and current knowledge of hydrothermal flow and fluid residence times in the subsurface. We used the following equation to derive gross global N loss (in Tg yr −1 ) in the subsurface biosphere of hydrothermal vents: N loss (Tg N yr −1 ) = denitrification rate × volume flux (5) × residence time.…”

Section: Total N Loss In the Subsurface Biosphere Of Diffuse Hydrothementioning

confidence: 99%

Activity and abundance of denitrifying bacteria in the subsurface biosphere of diffuse hydrothermal vents of the Juan de Fuca Ridge

et al. 2012

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Abstract.Little is known about fixed nitrogen (N) transformation and elimination at diffuse hydrothermal vents where anoxic fluids are mixed with oxygenated crustal seawater prior to discharge. Oceanic N sinks that remove bio-available N ultimately affect chemosynthetic primary productivity in these ecosystems. Using 15 N paired isotope techniques, we determined potential rates of fixed N loss pathways (denitrification, anammox) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in sulfidic hydrothermal vent fluids discharging from the subsurface at several sites at Axial Volcano and the Endeavour Segment on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. We also measured physico-chemical parameters (i.e., temperature, pH, nutrients, H 2 S and N 2 O concentrations) as well as the biodiversity and abundance of chemolithoautotrophic nitrate-reducing, sulfur-oxidizing γ -proteobacteria (SUP05 cluster) using sequence analysis of amplified small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes in combination with taxon-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. Denitrification was the dominant N loss pathway in the subsurface biosphere of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, with rates of up to ∼ 1000 nmol N l −1 day −1 . In comparison, anammox rates were always < 5 nmol N l −1 day −1 and below the detection limit at most of the sites. DNRA rates were up to ∼ 150 nmol N l −1 day −1 . These results suggest that bacterial denitrification out-competes anammox in sulfidic hydrothermal vent waters. Taxon-specific qPCR revealed that γ -proteobacteria of the SUP05 cluster sometimes dominated the microbial community (SUP05/total bacteria up to 38 %). Significant correlations were found between fixed N loss (i.e., denitrification, anammox) rates and in situ nitrate and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) deficits in the fluids, indicating that DIN availability may ultimately regulate N loss in the subsurface. Based on our rate measurements, and on published data on hydrothermal fluid fluxes and residence times, we estimated that up to ∼ 10 Tg N yr −1 could globally be removed in the subsurface biosphere of hydrothermal vents systems, thus, representing a small fraction of the total marine N loss (∼ 275 to > 400 Tg N yr −1 ).

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“…Chemolithoautotrophy may have been critical to the earliest development of life on Earth, and its importance in the subsurface today is becoming increasingly apparent [34][35][36]. Evidence for hydrogen generation therefore helps to ground-truth the mechanisms that could support such life.…”

Section: Subsurface Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen from Radiolysis of Aqueous Fluid Inclusions during Diagenesis

Parnell

Blamey

2017

Minerals

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A suite of Permian sylvite samples from Boulby potash mine, Yorkshire, UK, consistently yield traces of hydrogen upon analysis by a cold crush technique for liberating volatiles from entrapped fluid inclusions. In contrast, accompanying halite samples do not yield hydrogen. These data suggest the formation of hydrogen by radiolysis of water due to irradiation from potassium in the sylvite. The data indicate radiolysis as a mechanism for subsurface hydrogen generation, where it is available as an electron donor for a deep biosphere.

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Influence of subsurface biosphere on geochemical fluxes from diffuse hydrothermal fluids

Cited by 106 publications

References 43 publications

A novel hydrogen oxidizer amidst the sulfur-oxidizing Thiomicrospira lineage

A novel hydrogen oxidizer amidst the sulfur-oxidizing Thiomicrospira lineage

Activity and abundance of denitrifying bacteria in the subsurface biosphere of diffuse hydrothermal vents of the Juan de Fuca Ridge

Hydrogen from Radiolysis of Aqueous Fluid Inclusions during Diagenesis

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