Influence of Temperature and Soil Moisture on Some Population Growth Parameters of CYRTOMENUS BERGI (Hemiptera: Cydnidae)

Riis, Lisbeth; Esbjerg, P.; Bellotti, Anthony C.

doi:10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0011:iotasm]2.0.co;2

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Cydnids were most prevalent 10 and 20 cm below the surface in soil A horizons during both the dry and rainy seasons. Optimum moisture conditions for population growth in this cydnid species was between 25% (wilting point) and 45% (field capacity) in a loamy clay (Riis et al, 2005). Willis and Roth (1962) determined the burrowing response of a different cydnid species to various types of soil and moisture levels in laboratory experiments.…”

Section: Journalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naktodemasis bowni: New ichnogenus and ichnospecies for adhesive meniscate burrows (AMB), and paleoenvironmental implications, Paleogene Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming

et al. 2008

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Adhesive meniscate burrows (AMB) are common in alluvial paleosols of the Paleogene Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. AMB are sinuous, variably oriented burrows composed of a nested series of distinct, ellipsoidal packets containing thin, tightly spaced menisci subparallel to the bounding packet. Menisci are non-pelleted and texturally homogeneous with each other and the surrounding matrix. AMB were constructed most likely by burrower bugs (Hemiptera: Cydnidae), cicada nymphs (Hemiptera: Cicadae), and less likely by scarabaeid (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) or carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), based on burrow morphology and comparison to similar structures produced by these organisms in modern soils. Extant burrowing insects excavate backfilled burrows in well-rooted A and upper B horizons of soils generally below field capacity depending on soil type. This study demonstrates that AMB are distinct morphologically from such previously described ichnofossils as Beaconites, Laminites, Scoyenia, Taenidium, and Ancorichnus. Naktodemasis bowni, a new ichnogenus and ichnospecies, represents burrows composed of nested ellipsoidal packets backfilled with thin, tightly spaced, menisci subparallel to the bounding packet. The presence of N. bowni indicate periods of subaerial exposure associated with pedogenic modification under moderately to well-drained soil conditions, or during periods of better drainage in imperfectly drained soils. N. bowni, therefore, can differentiate alluvial paleoenvironments from marine and lacustrine paleoenvironments, as well as periods of subaerial exposure of sediments deposited in aquatic settings.

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Section: Journalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naktodemasis bowni: New ichnogenus and ichnospecies for adhesive meniscate burrows (AMB), and paleoenvironmental implications, Paleogene Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming

et al. 2008

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“…Moisture content has been shown to affect the population growth, development, and survival of various subterranean arthro-pods, including white grubs (Potter, 1983), western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte larvae (MacDonald and Ellis, 1990), weevil larvae (LaPointe and Shapiro, 1999), and the cutworm, Agrotis segetum Schiff larvae (Esbjerg, 1989). Riis et al (2005) reported that the burrowing bug, Cyrtomenus bergi Froeschner, completed development under a wide range of soil moisture levels (20% to 60% moisture content). In fact, nymphal development times were unaffected by dry soil (%20% moisture content) with first instar larval survival highest in moist soil (%30% moisture content), whereas third and fifth instar larval survival was higher at 20% to 45% moisture contents.…”

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confidence: 99%

Procedure to Enhance the Recovery Rate of Fungus Gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila Lintner (Diptera: Sciaridae) Adults from Growing Medium

Cloyd¹,

Dickinson²

2008

horts

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Fungus gnats, Bradysia spp., are major insect pests in greenhouses and interiorscapes. Management typically involves the use of either insecticides or biological control agents such as entomopathogenic nematodes. Efficacy trials provide information to greenhouse producers on the effectiveness of these management options. However, a simple procedure that rapidly evaluates the performance of control products against fungus gnat larvae is needed. Because fungus gnat larvae inhabit the growing medium, excess or deficient growing medium moisture may reduce adult fungus gnat emergence, thus confounding effects from efficacy trial treatments. Therefore, it is important to determine the amount of moisture and moisture content that results in the highest recovery of fungus gnat adults. We conducted two replicated experiments in a completely randomized design using a range of initial water volumes (treatments) and two larval stages (second and third) of the fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila. The success of the procedure was based on the number of fungus gnat adults that emerged per treatment. In the first experiment, initial water volumes of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 mL were applied to 300 mL of a soilless growing medium consisting of 50% composted pine bark, 20% Canadian sphagnum peatmoss, 10% perlite, and 20% medium coarse vermiculite (SB300 Universal Mix). In general, the highest mean numbers (range, 11.2 to 14.6) of fungus gnat adults were recovered from growing medium treated with 50, 75, and 100 mL of water. In the second experiment, initial water volumes (treatments) of 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, and 75 mL were applied to 300 mL of the soilless growing medium (SB300 Universal Mix). There were no significant differences in the mean number of fungus gnat adults recovered regardless of the larval instar (second instar: 15.8 to 17.7; third instar: 14.4 to 17.4). The final percent moisture content ranged from 65% to 68% for the second instars and 56% to 66% for third instars. This study demonstrates that the highest number of fungus gnat adults may be recovered from soilless growing medium (SB300 Universal Mix) treated with between 50 and 75 mL of water, thus enhancing the confidence in any data set generated when evaluating insecticides or biological control agents for control of fungus gnats.

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“…The increase in temperature associated with the transition from winter towards summer months, however, results in individuals increasingly occupying soil closer to the surface and becoming reproductively viable [96], indicating that an increase in the number of warm days as seasons change has strong influence on activity of P. bilineatus. Assessments of a similar Cydnidae species, Cyrtomenus bergi, found temperature to be a significant limiting factor to development [97]. In the study, a temperature of 26 • C was found to be optimal for growth, and immature developmental stages were more resilient under extreme temperatures, provided that temperatures did not exceed 31 • C [97].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Assessments of a similar Cydnidae species, Cyrtomenus bergi, found temperature to be a significant limiting factor to development [97]. In the study, a temperature of 26 • C was found to be optimal for growth, and immature developmental stages were more resilient under extreme temperatures, provided that temperatures did not exceed 31 • C [97]. Haemolymph composition and alkalinity of the terrestrial hermit crab (Coenobita clypeatus) is temperature regulated [98].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Modelling Climate Change Impacts on Tropical Dry Forest Fauna

et al. 2022

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Tropical dry forests are among the most threatened ecosystems in the world, and those occurring in the insular Caribbean are particularly vulnerable. Climate change represents a significant threat for the Caribbean region and for small islands like Jamaica. Using the Hellshire Hills protected area in Jamaica, a simple model was developed to project future abundance of arthropods and lizards based on current sensitivities to climate variables derived from rainfall and temperature records. The abundances of 20 modelled taxa were predicted more often by rainfall variables than temperature, but both were found to have strong impacts on arthropod and lizard abundance. Most taxa were projected to decrease in abundance by the end of the century under drier and warmer conditions. Where an increase in abundance was projected under a low emissions scenario, this change was reduced or reversed under a high emissions climate change scenario. The validation process showed that, even for a small population, there was reasonable skill in predicting its annual variability. Results of this study show that this simple model can be used to identify the vulnerability of similar sites to the effects of shifting climate and, by extension, their conservation needs.

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Influence of Temperature and Soil Moisture on Some Population Growth Parameters of CYRTOMENUS BERGI (Hemiptera: Cydnidae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Naktodemasis bowni: New ichnogenus and ichnospecies for adhesive meniscate burrows (AMB), and paleoenvironmental implications, Paleogene Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming

Naktodemasis bowni: New ichnogenus and ichnospecies for adhesive meniscate burrows (AMB), and paleoenvironmental implications, Paleogene Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming

Procedure to Enhance the Recovery Rate of Fungus Gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila Lintner (Diptera: Sciaridae) Adults from Growing Medium

Modelling Climate Change Impacts on Tropical Dry Forest Fauna

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