Influence of the tool shape and weld configuration on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al 6082 alloy FSW joints

Krasnowski, Krzysztof; Hamilton, C.; Dymek, S.

doi:10.1016/j.acme.2014.02.001

Cited by 95 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the data, no specific distinction is made with regard to process parameters, such as tool pin profile, rotational speed, and welding speed. It should be emphasised, however, that these process parameters have a direct impact on the weld zone microstructure and, in turn, on the mechanical properties of FS welds . Incorrect or suboptimum process parameters may lead to flawed or defective welds, which will exhibit a reduced fatigue strength compared with nominally defect‐free welds, as fatigue cracks initiate from any preexisting defects .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction stir welds in aluminium: Design S‐N curves from statistical analysis of literature data

Maggiolini

Benasciutti

Susmel

et al. 2018

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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Appropriate S‐N fatigue design curves for friction stir welded joints in aluminium alloys are currently not specified in design codes and standards. The present paper is intended to assist in enabling standardised fatigue design for such joints, through a comprehensive statistical analysis of more than 500 individual sets of data gathered from published literature. These data are used to establish the usual design fatigue curves for welds that give a 97.7% survival probability with 95% confidence. Experimental fatigue data represent defect‐free butt joints and include both flat plate and tubular joints between similar aluminium alloys (across the range of 2xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx series). Weld conditions include as‐welded, machined, and postweld heat treated under constant amplitude cyclic loading at various stress ratios in the range from R = −1 to 0.5. A systematic comparison is presented by categorising the data according to the alloy type, temper condition, postweld heat treatment, and stress ratio and the correlation with the S‐N design curves from Eurocode 9 is also considered. The fatigue curves presented in this paper will serve as a useful guideline for engineers involved in design of friction stir aluminium joints subjected to in‐service fatigue loading.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction stir welds in aluminium: Design S‐N curves from statistical analysis of literature data

Maggiolini

Benasciutti

Susmel

et al. 2018

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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“…Notably, threaded-fluted pin profiles are relatively less preferred. The geometry of the flute, a number of the flutes formed on the pin Identification of the pin offset effect on the friction stir welding (FSW) via Taguchi and pin geometry on which the flute, together with varying, the effects of the flute variables are evaluated to be crucial on the behavior of material flow around the pin, as well as on mechanical and microstructural evolution of welded joints as reported elsewhere [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]. Fluted pins are reported to produce joints with higher tensile properties [58,59].…”

Section: Microstructural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the pin offset effect on the friction stir welding (FSW) via Taguchi – Grey relational analysis: A Case study for AA 7075 – AA 6013 alloys

Kasman

2019

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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The aim of this work is to present a case study relating to the dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) ability of AA 7075-T651 and AA 6013-T6 by applying pin offset technique. An orthogonal array L18 was conducted to perform the overlapped weld seams using three different values of pin offset, welding speed and tool rotational speed along with two different pin profiles determine the impact of welding parameters on the tensile properties of friction stir welded joints. The nugget zone for each of overlapped weld seams exhibited a complex structure and also, the pin offset and profile also were found to have a great impact on the microstructural evolution of the nugget zone. The ultimate tensile strength, elongation at the rapture and bending strength of welded joints were measured in the ranges of 194-215 MPa, 1.79-3.34 % and 203-352 MPa. From the Taguchi based Grey relational analysis, the optimum welding condition was determined for the welded joint performed using a single fluted pin profile with the zero pin offset, tool rotational speed of 630 min À 1 and welding speed of 63 mm/min. Microstructural and macrostructural observations revealed that welded joints exhibiting lower tensile strength are consistent of various types of defects (e. g. cracks, tunnels and cavities). The fracture location of welded joints was found to be on the heat affected zone and between the heat affected zone and AA 6013-base metal. The tool and pin wear was not observed during the welding applications Keywords: Friction stir welding / pin offset / mechanical properties / grey relational analysis Schlüsselwörter: Rührreibschweißen / Pin-Offset / mechanische Eigenschaften / grau relationale Analyse

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“…The potential industrial application of FSW has motivated the publication of several studies. For example, the tool geometry was analyzed in Krasnowski et al [5], the welding parameters effects were evaluated in Cavaliere et al [6], metallurgical and mechanical properties analyzed by ElDanaf et al [7] and the formation of defects on friction stir (FS) welded butt joints of Al-Li alloy was studied by Lertora and Gambaro [8] while Kwon et al [9] studied the formation of dissimilar weld defects. The shoulder geometry was analyzed [10], and an improvement of tensile properties of AA6082 FSW joints welded using scrolled or concave shoulders when compared with flat ones was observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultimate tensile strength optimization of different FSW aluminium alloy joints

Silva

Braga

Figueiredo

et al. 2015

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Friction stir welding (FSW) is a highly reliable joining process. However, there is still lack of optimized FSW parameters for different joint configurations. The present manuscript presents a set of optimization studies for different friction stir welding joint geometries of AA6082-T6 aluminium alloy: butt, lap and T joints. The optimization process was performed using Taguchi orthogonal arrays (OA) for designing experiments, analyses of the average effects (main effect plot) and variance (ANOVA). Welded joints were manufactured according to orthogonal arrays, selected using the Taguchi method, for each type of joint, and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was evaluated for statistical optimization. As a major asset for the current state of the art, this manuscript contribution is focused on the determination of the most relevant FSW parameters on UTS for a complete range of joints, as well as their interactions. In the particular case of lap and T joints, parameter optimization studies are lacking in the literature, and as such, this work aims at tackling the issue. The parameter combinations to achieve the best mechanical properties for each joint configuration were derived.

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Influence of the tool shape and weld configuration on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al 6082 alloy FSW joints

Cited by 95 publications

References 9 publications

Friction stir welds in aluminium: Design S‐N curves from statistical analysis of literature data

Friction stir welds in aluminium: Design S‐N curves from statistical analysis of literature data

Identification of the pin offset effect on the friction stir welding (FSW) via Taguchi – Grey relational analysis: A Case study for AA 7075 – AA 6013 alloys

Ultimate tensile strength optimization of different FSW aluminium alloy joints

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