Influenza B infections in children: A review

Bhat, Y. Ramesh

doi:10.5409/wjcp.v9.i3.44

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our serological findings show that the overall seroprevalence among the 2400 participants was 53.2% against the Victoria lineage and 52.2% against the Yamagata lineage, and by studying the determinants and risk factors for being seropositive against influenza B virus we found that, the majority of seropositive participants were school students where close contact increases the transmission of viral infection. This confirms that influenza B virus commonly affects children [ 19 , 20 ]. This potentially leads to high percentage of seropositivity among housewives, due to their constant contact with their children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Incidence and neutralizing antibody seroprevalence of influenza B virus in Egypt: Results of a community-based cohort study

et al. 2022

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Since 2000, two lineages of influenza B viruses, Victoria and Yamagata, have been circulating at similar frequencies worldwide. Little is known about the circulation of those viruses in Egypt. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of influenza B virus infections in Egypt, 2017–2019. This was performed through a household prospective cohort study on influenza infections among 2400 individuals from five villages. When a study participant had influenza like symptoms, a nasal swab and an oropharyngeal swab were obtained and tested by RT-PCR for influenza B infections. A serum sample was obtained from all participants annually to detect neutralizing antibodies using microneutralization assay. 9.1% of subjects were positive for influenza B viruses during season 2017–2018 mostly among preschoolers and 7.6% were positive during the season 2018–2019 with higher risk in females, potentially due to mothers being infected after contact with their children. The overall seroprevalence among the participants was 53.2% and 52.2% against the Victoria and Yamagata lineages respectively, the majority of seropositive participants were students. Multivariate analysis showed that age and having chronic diseases were the strongest predictors of infection. Our results show that both influenza B lineages circulated between 2017 and 2020 in Egypt almost in equal proportion. Encouraging the uptake of seasonal influenza vaccines is recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Incidence and neutralizing antibody seroprevalence of influenza B virus in Egypt: Results of a community-based cohort study

et al. 2022

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“…However, several studies have suggested the increased potency of influenza B virus in causing severe disease and mortality in some populations and contributing significantly to the annual disease every year, accounting for 37% of the economic costs caused by flu every year [4]. For example, it has shown that IBV can cause severe disease in children [5,6]. A recent study found significantly higher mortality rates due to IBV compared to IAV in children younger than 16 years of age from 2004 to 2013 [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human SUMOylation Pathway Is Critical for Influenza B Virus

Dang

Rodgers

García‐Sastre

et al. 2022

Viruses

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The identification and elucidation of host pathways for viral infection are critical for understanding the viral infection processes and novel therapeutics development. Here, for the first time, we discover that the human SUMOylation pathway is essential for the IBV viral life cycle. First, IBV viruses were completely inhibited by a novel SUMOylation specific inhibitor, STE025, discovered from our FRET-based high-throughput screening, and the inhibition was very potent, with IC50~ 0.1 µM in an IBV-induced cell death rescue assay; Second, we determined that the IBV M1 protein was SUMOylated, which was mediated by the SUMOylation E2 conjugation enzyme and the E3 ligase enzyme at very high affinities, of 0.20 µM and 0.22 µM, respectively; Third, the mutation of the IBV M1 SUMOylation site, K21R, completely abolished the viral particle generation, strongly suggesting the requirement of SUMOylation for the IBV life cycle. These results suggest that the blockage of the host human SUMOylation pathway is very effective for IBV inhibition. We therefore propose that the host SUMOylation pathway is a critical host factor for the IBV virus life cycle. The identification and inhibition of critical host factor(s) provide a novel strategy for future anti-viral therapeutics development, such as IBV and other viruses.

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“…The B/Yamagata lineage viruses are classified into three clades: 1, 2, and 3. To date, the evolutionary pattern of this lineage has not been implicated in generating a subclade [18] , [22] . Influenza C and D have not represented a global public health concern until now [19] , [20] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, from an epidemiological point of view, influenza A virus is of public concern due to its ability to rearrange genes with different species of birds and animals, generating potential pandemic strains; in contrast, human species is the host of IBV making the rearrangements of genes with different species unfeasible. Although global surveillance shows that influenza B viruses are responsible for approximately 20–25 % of infections during annual influenza seasons, in some seasons, they represent more than 50 % of infections, contributing to the overall mortality and morbidity, mainly in children <5 years old [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] . Considering the evolutionary pattern of influenza B viruses, our study aims to provide information regarding influenza B lineages circulating in different regions of Brazil, using RT-qPCR, instead of the hemagglutination inhibition assay, for the rapid identification of both antigenically and phylogenetically distinct influenza B viruses to obtain the benefits of quadrivalent vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%