Informal trade in livestock and livestock products

Grace, Delia; Little, Peter D.

doi:10.20506/rst.39.1.3071

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Covariates of FMDV transmission associated with agropastoral/pastoral (livestock only) and crop-livestock production systems of arid/semiarid ecosystems were identified as origin effect, in addition to the rate of virus diffusion influenced by the volume and value of trade in cattle and the size of a country’s small ruminant population. With our analyses, we did not account for livestock trade and cross-border movements that occur through informal channels, which represent an important activity in the region ( Grace and Little 2020 ), thus increasingly adding to the risk of FMDV diffusion through livestock movement here identified by only examining official data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary and Ecological Drivers Shape the Emergence and Extinction of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lineages

Nardo

Ferretti

Wadsworth

et al. 2021

Molecular Biology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Livestock farming across the world is constantly threatened by evolutionary turnover of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains in endemic systems, the underlying dynamics of which remain to be elucidated. Here, we map the eco-evolutionary landscape of co-circulating FMDV lineages within an important endemic virus pool encompassing Western, Central and parts of Southern Asia, reconstructing the evolutionary history and spatial dynamics over the last 20 years that shapes the current epidemiological situation. We demonstrate that new FMDV variants periodically emerge from Southern Asia, precipitating waves of virus incursions that systematically travel in a westerly direction. We evidence how metapopulation dynamics drive the emergence and extinction of spatially structured virus populations, and how transmission in different host species regulates the evolutionary space of virus serotypes. Our work provides the first integrative framework that defines co-evolutionary signatures of FMDV in regional contexts to help understand the complex interplay between virus phenotypes, host characteristics, and key epidemiological determinants of transmission that drive FMDV evolution in endemic settings.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary and Ecological Drivers Shape the Emergence and Extinction of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lineages

Nardo

Ferretti

Wadsworth

et al. 2021

Molecular Biology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, higher incomes in developed countries have led to a steady decline in animal food consumption associated with health concerns such as heart and blood circulation diseases (Rae & Nayga, 2010).…”

Section: How ( and Where ) Will G Lobal Live S To Ck Supply Demand And G Hg Emiss Ions Chang E In Future?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon myopia: The urgent need for integrated social, economic and environmental action in the livestock sector

Harrison

Cullen

Mayberry

et al. 2021

Global Change Biology

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Livestock have long been integral to food production systems, often not by choice but by need. While our knowledge of livestock greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation has evolved, the prevailing focus has been—somewhat myopically—on technology applications associated with mitigation. Here, we (1) examine the global distribution of livestock GHG emissions, (2) explore social, economic and environmental co‐benefits and trade‐offs associated with mitigation interventions and (3) critique approaches for quantifying GHG emissions. This review uncovered many insights. First, while GHG emissions from ruminant livestock are greatest in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC; globally, 66% of emissions are produced by Latin America and the Caribbean, East and southeast Asia and south Asia), the majority of mitigation strategies are designed for developed countries. This serious concern is heightened by the fact that 80% of growth in global meat production over the next decade will occur in LMIC. Second, few studies concurrently assess social, economic and environmental aspects of mitigation. Of the 54 interventions reviewed, only 16 had triple‐bottom line benefit with medium–high mitigation potential. Third, while efforts designed to stimulate the adoption of strategies allowing both emissions reduction (ER) and carbon sequestration (CS) would achieve the greatest net emissions mitigation, CS measures have greater potential mitigation and co‐benefits. The scientific community must shift attention away from the prevailing myopic lens on carbon, towards more holistic, systems‐based, multi‐metric approaches that carefully consider the raison d'être for livestock systems. Consequential life cycle assessments and systems‐aligned ‘socio‐economic planetary boundaries’ offer useful starting points that may uncover leverage points and cross‐scale emergent properties. The derivation of harmonized, globally reconciled sustainability metrics requires iterative dialogue between stakeholders at all levels. Greater emphasis on the simultaneous characterization of multiple sustainability dimensions would help avoid situations where progress made in one area causes maladaptive outcomes in other areas.

show abstract

“…Animal movement control in many countries is not fully regulated, and although there are policies in place, they lack enforcement. Informal trade of livestock is a concern in many countries, and there are several factors driving it (economical, social, political) ( 85 ). There are no physical markets for live pigs in most countries, especially in East Africa, a measure aimed at disease control.…”

Section: Description Of Review Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems: Current Gaps and Recommendations

Mutua

Dione²

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal disease of pigs. It is a threat to the pig industry as it lowers production and significantly impacts on livelihoods. ASF has no cure and a vaccine against it is yet to be developed. Outbreaks continue to be reported in Africa and Asia, where the setting of the pig value chain (farm, market, and slaughter practices) coupled with the risky behaviors of actors, contribute to persistence of the virus in pig populations. The role of these factors in the epidemiology of the disease is reviewed with a focus on smallholder pig systems in Africa. Biosecurity at the farm level is particularly emphasized, and factors influencing its adoption highlighted. Socio-cultural factors and weaknesses at the disease control policy level are critical and should not be ignored. Gender and equity are important aspects and ought to be considered in discussions to improve the sector. The findings are expected to define priorities for interventions to improve pig productivity (as these regions wait for the vaccine to be developed).

show abstract

Informal trade in livestock and livestock products

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Evolutionary and Ecological Drivers Shape the Emergence and Extinction of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lineages

Evolutionary and Ecological Drivers Shape the Emergence and Extinction of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lineages

Carbon myopia: The urgent need for integrated social, economic and environmental action in the livestock sector

The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems: Current Gaps and Recommendations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About