Infrageneric Taxa of Aspergillus

Gams, W.; Christensen, Martha; Onions, A. H. S.; Pitt, John I.; Samson, Robert A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1856-0_5

Cited by 135 publications

(115 citation statements)

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“…tamarii is a member of Aspergillus section Flavi (8). This species is widely used in the food industry for the production of soy sauce (known as red Awamori koji) (14) and in the fermentation industry for the production of various enzymes, including amylases, proteases, and xylanolytic enzymes (3,7,17).…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case of Keratitis Caused by Aspergillus tamarii

et al. 2007

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We report a case of Aspergillus tamarii keratitis. Ocular injury was known to be a predisposing factor. Topical natamycin and econazole treatment and subsequent systemic ketoconazole treatment proved effective. The isolate was identified by morphological characteristics and sequence analysis as A. tamarii, a member of Aspergillus section Flavi not hitherto reported from keratomycosis. CASE REPORTA 32-year-old female from Coimbatore was presented to the Aravind Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, South India, on December 27, 2005, with complaints of pain, redness, and defective vision of a 4-day duration in the left eye. She indicated that she had suffered an ocular injury caused by an iron piece while hammering 4 days earlier. On examination, her uncorrected visual acuities in the right and left eyes were 6/9 (partial) and 1/2/60, respectively. An anterior segment examination of the left eye showed lid edema and conjunctival congestion. The cornea showed a central 3-by-3-mm ulcer with an anterior midstromal infiltrate with feathery edges and surrounding edema. The anterior chamber showed a moderate number of cells (2ϩ grade). The lens was clear. The anterior segment of the right eye and the posterior segments of both eyes were within normal limits.With due aseptic precautions, the ulcer was scraped and two smears were made on glass slides for a 10% KOH wet mount and Gram staining. The microscopic examination of the KOH wet mount and Gram staining showed fungal filaments. Material from scraping was also directly inoculated onto potato dextrose agar and incubated at 25°C. Based on the colony appearance, the fungus was identified as an Aspergillus sp. Topical antifungal therapy was started with 5% natamycin suspension and 2% econazole drops every half hour, along with 1% homatropine three times a day.When reviewed after 3 days, the patient's uncorrected visual acuity in the left eye had improved to 6/36, but the corneal midstromal infiltrate was still active. The anterior chamber showed a hypopyon of 0.5 mm. The patient was admitted as an inpatient and advised to continue the same medications along with 200 mg oral ketoconazole and 0.2% subconjunctival fluconazole based on the results of our previous study (6). The patient showed improvement during the next 3 weeks; the infiltrate reduced gradually, and the anterior segment inflammations subsided. On the last review, the anterior segment of the left eye showed a central nebular scar, with the best corrected visual acuity having improved to 6/12. The patient was advised to use glasses and to report for review after 6 months.The clinical isolate was further examined at the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre and at the University of Szeged for species assignment and antifungal susceptibility tests.Mycological study and diagnosis. The fungus was subcultured on malt extract agar plates and identified as Aspergillus tamarii Kita based on the colony morphology and microscopic features of the isolate ( Fig. 1 and 2). Colonies on malt extract agar at room temperature attained diameters o...

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Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case of Keratitis Caused by Aspergillus tamarii

et al. 2007

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“…ustus belongs to the Aspergillus section Usti together with A. granulosus, A. puniceus, and A. pseudodeflectus (4,12,22); it is characterized by radiate to loosely columnar conidial heads in shades of olive gray to red gray and produces Hülle cells scattered throughout the colony in irregular masses that are not associated with pigmented mycelium (23). However, A. ustus is morphologically highly variable; Raper and Fennell (23) stated that "not a single strain can be cited as wholly representative of the species as described."…”

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Aspergillus calidoustus sp. nov., Causative Agent of Human Infections Previously Assigned to Aspergillus ustus

et al. 2008

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Aspergillus ustus is a relatively rare human pathogen causing invasive infections in immunocompromised hosts. In this study isolates originating from clinical and other sources have been examined using molecular, morphological, and physiological approaches to clarify their species assignment. Phylogenetic analysis of partial ␤-tubulin, calmodulin, actin, and intergenic transcribed spacer sequences indicated that none of the clinical isolates recognized previously as A. ustus belongs to this species. All but two of these isolates formed a well-defined clade related to A. pseudodeflectus based on sequence analysis of protein-coding regions. Morphological and physiological examination of these isolates indicated that they are able to grow above 37°C, in contrast with A. ustus isolates, and give a positive Ehrlich reaction, in contrast with related species including A. granulosus, A. ustus, and A. pseudodeflectus. These isolates are proposed as a new species, A. calidoustus. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that this species has decreased susceptibilities to several antifungal drugs. The triazoles are inactive in vitro, including the new azole posaconazole.

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“…section Restricti Gams et al, strictly lacking teleomorphs (the A. restrictus group sensu Raper and Fennell,21), are assigned to the subgenus Aspergillus which was nomenclaturally formalized by Gams et al (6). Pitt (18) partially revised the nomenclature and taxonomy of the genus Eurotium with Aspergillus anamorphs in the light of changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.…”

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Electrophoretic comparison of enzymes as a chemotaxonomic aid among Aspergillus taxa: (3) The identity of the xerophilic species A. penicillioides in subgenus Aspergillus section Restricti.

Tamura

Rahayu

Gibas

et al. 1996

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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The identity of the xerophilic species Aspergillus penicillioides and related taxa has been studied chemotaxonomically using polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. In a dendrogram based on the calculated similarity values of five enzymes, 14 isolates of A. penicillioides in subgenus Aspergillus section Restricti and 28 isolates of related taxa in subgenus Aspergillus formed 22 clusters at a 60% similarity level. A. penicillioides isolates were scattered over the 11 clusters. In the ubiquinone systems, all isolates of A. penicillioides, including IFO 8155 (originally described as A. vitricolae [sic]), had the Q-9 system, which was the same ubiquinone system as Eurotium spp. A case study based on comparisons between the similarity values in enzyme patterns and the homology values in DNA relatedness in subgenus Circumdati section Flavi clearly indicates that Aspergillus isolates at a 60% or greater similarity :level in enzyme patterns are considered to be conspecific. According to this guideline, A. penicillioides isolates are extremely diverse and presumably assigned to several species and we revive the name A. vitricola for IFO 8155 (ex holotype).Further molecular systematic studies are needed to clarify the identity and speciation of A. penicillioides.Aspergillus section Aspergillus Gams et al., associated with Eurotium Edyuillia teleomorphs (the A, glaucus group sensu Thom and Church,26) and and

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Infrageneric Taxa of Aspergillus

Cited by 135 publications

References 1 publication

Case of Keratitis Caused by Aspergillus tamarii

Case of Keratitis Caused by Aspergillus tamarii

Aspergillus calidoustus sp. nov., Causative Agent of Human Infections Previously Assigned to Aspergillus ustus

Electrophoretic comparison of enzymes as a chemotaxonomic aid among Aspergillus taxa: (3) The identity of the xerophilic species A. penicillioides in subgenus Aspergillus section Restricti.

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