“…(Haimes, 2004) proposed a Hierarchical Holographic Model (HHM) to account for the interdependencies of the highway transportation system: Emergency Response and Recovery (ERR), Intermodal, Physical, Economic, Functional, and Users, pertaining to industry sectors that depend on the transportation infrastructure. (Ezell et al, 2000) augmented the HHM, considering a multitude of mathematical and conceptual models, each of them devoted to represent a particular aspect of the system: hierarchy, functions, components, operations etc. (Haimes et al 2001 and2007) proposed inoperability input-output model for the analysis of how perturbations (e.g., willful attacks, accidental events, or natural disasters) to a set of initially affected sectors impose adverse impacts on other sectors, due to their inherent interdependencies.…”