Inhibition by ethanol of the growth of biofilm and dispersed microcosm dental plaques

Sissons, C.H.; Wong, L.; Cutress, T.W.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(95)00103-4

Cited by 64 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Theoretical toxicities (central nervous system depression, arrhythmias, flushing, local venous irritation) are unlikely when ethanol is used as a lock solution (3,15). Ethanol concentrations as low as 30% were effective in our study, although higher concentrations have been thought necessary to inhibit biofilm growth (41).…”

mentioning

confidence: 52%

Comparative In Vitro Efficacies of Various Catheter Lock Solutions

Sherertz

Boger

Collins

et al. 2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

109

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MEDTA (minocycline-edetate calcium disodium), taurolidine (2%)-polyvinylpyrolidine (5%) (T/PVP), and ethanol as potential catheter lock solutions have a unique mechanism of action, broad-spectrum activity, and anticoagulant properties. Traditional lock solutions minocycline (M), rifampin (R), ciprofloxacin (C), and vancomycin, except pharmacologic concentrations of C and R and of M and R, were less effective than MEDTA and T/PVP. Minocycline-edetate calcium disodium (MEDTA) (7,11,25,27,30), taurolidine-polyvinylpyrolidine (T/PVP) (2,6,33,38,45), and ethanol (E) (14, 21, 23) are promising lock solutions. We examined the relative efficacies of vancomycin (V), ciprofloxacin (C), minocycline (M), minocycline-rifampin (M/R), ciprofloxacin-rifampin (C/R), vancomycin-rifampin (V/R), E, EDTA, MEDTA, and T/PVP at killing Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans growing in biofilms.Silicone Hickman catheter segments (1 cm) were incubated overnight at 37°C in tryptic soy broth (two to four replicates per condition) for growth of each organism. Segments were removed, rinsed thrice in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and incubated in various lock solutions for 0, 2, 4, or 24 h at 37°C. Segments were removed, washed 10 times in PBS, placed in tryptic soy broth, sonicated for 3 min, vortexed for 10 s, serially diluted, and plated on blood agar. CFU were counted after 24 h of incubation at 37°C and converted to log 10 values. Each experiment was duplicated. Values were averaged, and the means were graphed. Results at 24 h were compared using analysis of variance and Student's t test (Minitab, Penn State University, PA).The most common causative organisms of vascular catheter infections are S. epidermidis, S. aureus, and yeasts, including C. albicans (18). P. aeruginosa causes severe, often difficult-toeradicate bloodstream infections. We used the P1 S. aureus strain (13, 39), the slime-producing RP62A S. epidermidis strain (12), and P. aeruginosa and C. albicans catheter-related bloodstream infection isolates. MICs (in micrograms per milliliters) were determined for M, R, C, and V: for S. aureus, MICs were Յ0.5, Յ0.12, Յ0.12, and Յ0.5, respectively; for S. epidermidis, MICs were Յ0.5, Յ0.12, 0.25, and 1.0; for P. aeruginosa, MICs were 4.0, Ͼ4.0, Յ0.12, and Ͼ16.0; and for C. albicans, MICs were 2.0, Ͼ8.0, Ͼ2.0, and Ͼ16.0. The following lock solutions were investigated: the therapeutic concentration (attainable serum concentration) (31,40,46,48) for M was 2

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mentioning

confidence: 52%

Comparative In Vitro Efficacies of Various Catheter Lock Solutions

Sherertz

Boger

Collins

et al. 2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

109

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“…Sorption retards penetration (31). The penetration time tabulated in Table 2 Table 4 and four additional sources (1,9,19,30). The least-squares regressed line is shown as a dashed line.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Penetration and Efficacy in an In Vitro Oral Biofilm Model

Corbin

Pitts

Parker

et al. 2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The penetration and overall efficacy of six mouthrinse actives was evaluated by using an in vitro flow cell oral biofilm model. The technique involved preloading biofilm cells with a green fluorescent dye that leaked out as the cells were permeabilized by a treatment. The loss of green color, and of biomass, was observed by time-lapse microscopy during 60 min of treatment under continuous flow conditions. The six actives analyzed were ethanol, sodium lauryl sulfate, triclosan, chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride, and nisin. Each of these agents effected loss of green fluorescence throughout biofilm cell clusters, with faster action at the edge of a cell cluster and slower action in the cluster center. The time to reach half of the initial fluorescent intensity at the center of a cell cluster, which can be viewed as a combined penetration and biological action time, ranged from 0.6 to 19 min for the various agents. These times are much longer than the predicted penetration time based on diffusion alone, suggesting that anti-biofilm action was controlled more by the biological action time than by the penetration time of the active. None of the agents tested caused any removal of the biofilm. The extent of fluorescence loss after 1 h of exposure to an active ranged from 87 to 99.5%, with CHX being the most effective. The extent of fluorescence loss in vitro, but not penetration and action time, correlated well with the relative efficacy data from published clinical trials.

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“…In solutions for external use, as in mouthwashes, alcohol acts as a solvent, an antiseptic, and as an active preservative at concentrations of 10-12% (12). However, few studies have examined perception of oral pain induced by alcohol-containing mouthwashes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of alcohol consumption status and alcohol concentration on oral pain induced by alcohol-containing mouthwash

Satpathy¹,

Ravindra²,

Porwal

et al. 2013

J Oral Sci

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Alcohol exposure alters oral mucosa.Patient compliance with mouthwash use may be reduced by oral pain resulting from rinsing with alcohol-containing mouthwash. However, information regarding the effects of alcohol consumption and mouthwash alcohol concentration on oral pain is limited. In this double-blind, randomized, controlled cross-over study, we investigated the effects of alcohol consumption status and mouthwash alcohol concentration on response to and perception of oral pain induced by alcohol-containing mouthwash. Fifty healthy men aged 33 to 56 years were enrolled and classified as drinkers and nondrinkers according to self-reported alcohol consumption. All subjects rinsed with two commercially available mouthwash products (which contained high and low concentrations of alcohol) and a negative control, in randomized order. Time of onset of oral pain, time of cessation of oral pain (after mouthwash expectoration), and pain duration were recorded, and oral pain intensity was recorded on a verbal rating scale. Drinkers had later oral pain onset and lower pain intensity. High-alcohol mouthwash was associated with earlier pain onset and greater pain intensity. In addition, oral pain cessation was later and pain duration was longer in nondrinkers rinsing with high-alcohol mouthwash. In conclusion, alcohol consumption status and mouthwash alcohol concentration were associated with onset and intensity of oral pain. (J Oral Sci 55, 99-105, 2013)

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Inhibition by ethanol of the growth of biofilm and dispersed microcosm dental plaques

Cited by 64 publications

References 20 publications

Comparative In Vitro Efficacies of Various Catheter Lock Solutions

Comparative In Vitro Efficacies of Various Catheter Lock Solutions

Antimicrobial Penetration and Efficacy in an In Vitro Oral Biofilm Model

Effect of alcohol consumption status and alcohol concentration on oral pain induced by alcohol-containing mouthwash

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