Inhibition of Aflatoxin B₁ Biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus by Anthocyanidins and Related Flavonoids

Abstract

Anthocyanidins and precursors or related flavonoids were tested at concentrations from 0.3 to 9.7 mM ( approximately 0.1-3.0 mg/mL) for activity against growth and aflatoxin B(1) biosynthesis by Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr. NRRL 3357. Aflatoxin B(1) production was inhibited by all anthocyanidins tested, and 3-hydroxy compounds were more active than 3-deoxy forms. Monoglycosides of cyanidin were 40% less inhibitory than the aglycon, whereas a monoglucoside and a diglucoside of pelargonidin were 80 and 5%, respectively, as active as the aglycon. Of eight flavonoids tested, only kaempferol was moderately active, whereas luteolin and catechin were weakly inhibitory. Binary combinations of delphinidin and three other aflatoxin inhibitors acted independently of each other. Results with an aflatoxin pathway mutant indicated that anthocyanidin inhibition occurred before norsolorinic acid synthesis.

Inhibitory activity of compounds isolated from Polymnia sonchifolia on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus

“…Some flavonoids and biflavonoids are biologically active against A. flavus and A. parasiticus (7,10,11). In this work, two active flavonoids were isolated from P. sonchifolia leaves.…”

“…Plant extracts, such as those from garlic and onion, effectively retarded growth and aflatoxin production (5). Natural compounds, such as flavonoids, biflavonoids, stilbenes, essential oils and others, were also active in inhibition of aflatoxin production (1,7,10,11,13).…”

Strategies for the Prevention and Reduction of Mycotoxins in Developing Countries

“…Olojede et al (1993) found that when Garcinia kola was used at 0.32% (w/v), aflatoxin was effectively reduced from 97 to 23 µg/ml. The bioactive components or volatiles of some plants have been explored in the control of fungal growth and production of aflatoxins, for example, Norton (1999) found that anthocyanins and related flavonoids affect aflatoxin biosynthesis and Juglal et al (2002) found that spice oil was effective in the control of some mycotoxin producing fungi.…”

Conserved Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Aflatoxin and Sterigmatocystin Biosynthesis

“…For example, volatile aldehydes, jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate from the plant lipoxygenase pathway have been shown to reduce AF production (i.e. McCormick, 1990, Wright et al, 2000;Norton, 1999;Bhatnagar and MaCormick, 1988;Goodrich-Tanrikulu et al, 1995). Precursors of the lipoxygenase pathway called oxylipins, a family of oxidized polyenoic fatty acids, are found in different kingdoms, including plantae, fungi and monera (Tsitsgiannis and Keller, 2006).…”