Inhibition of cancer cell invasion and metastasis by genistein

Abstract

Genistein is a small, biologically active flavonoid that is found in high amounts in soy. This important compound possesses a wide variety of biological activities, but it is best known for its ability to inhibit cancer progression. In particular, genistein has emerged as an important inhibitor of cancer metastasis. Consumption of genistein in the diet has been linked to decreased rates of metastatic cancer in a number of population-based studies. Extensive investigations have been performed to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying genistein’s antimetastatic activity, with results indicating that this small molecule has significant inhibitory activity at nearly every step of the metastatic cascade. Reports have demonstrated that, at high concentrations, genistein can inhibit several proteins involved with primary tumor growth and apoptosis, including the cyclin class of cell cycle regulators and the Akt family of proteins. At lower concentrations that are similar to those achieved through dietary consumption, genistein can inhibit the prometastatic processes of cancer cell detachment, migration, and invasion through a variety of mechanisms, including the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway. Several in vitro findings have been corroborated in both in vivo animal studies and in early-phase human clinical trials, demonstrating that genistein can both inhibit human cancer metastasis and also modulate markers of metastatic potential in humans, respectively. Herein, we discuss the variety of mechanisms by which genistein regulates individual steps of the metastatic cascade and highlight the potential of this natural product as a promising therapeutic inhibitor of metastasis.

Long Non-coding RNA HOTAIR Is Targeted and Regulated by miR-141 in Human Cancer Cells

“…We found that HOTAIR and miR-141 expression are inversely correlated in renal carcinoma cells. Genistein has potent biological activity, regulates several signaling pathways in cancer cells, and promotes cancer cell death (29,30,50,51), and we have found that genistein regulates miRNAs (33,(52)(53)(54). We also found that genistein decreases HOTAIR expression while stimulating miR-141 expression, showing an inverse effect.…”

“…Genistein has been shown to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and to inhibit cancer cell proliferation (29) and invasion (30 DU145 prostate cancer cells have a relatively higher expression level of HOTAIR and miR-141 compared with non-malignant RWPE-1 prostate cells (31). miR-141 has been reported to function as a tumor suppressor in DU145 cells (32).…”

The possibility of genistein as a new direct pulp capping agent

“…Genistein is considered that inhibit cell proliferation through regulation of MAPK [28][29][30] , and inhibit phosphorylation of ERK and Akt [31][32][33] . The high concentration group (G100) showed suppress the cell proliferation after 3 days incubation.…”

Soy Phytoestrogens on DNA Methylation in Prostate Cancer

“…Previous studies have shown a decrease in NF-kB activity by genistein in prostate cancer cell lines suggesting an indirect effect of genistein on tumor proliferation [8].…”