Inhibition of Intestinal Lipid Absorption by Cyanobacterial Strains in Zebrafish Larvae

Abstract

Obesity is a complex metabolic disease, which is increasing worldwide. The reduction of dietary lipid intake is considered an interesting pathway to reduce fat absorption and to affect the chronic energy imbalance. In this study, zebrafish larvae were used to analyze effects of cyanobacteria on intestinal lipid absorption in vivo. In total, 263 fractions of a cyanobacterial library were screened for PED6 activity, a fluorescent reporter of intestinal lipases, and 11 fractions reduced PED6 activity > 30%. Toxicity was not observed for those fractions, considering mortality, malformations or digestive physiology (protease inhibition). Intestinal long-chain fatty acid uptake (C16) was reduced, but not short-chain fatty acid uptake (C5). Alteration of lipid classes by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) or lipid processing by fluorescent HPTLC was analyzed, and 2 fractions significantly reduced the whole-body triglyceride level. Bioactivity-guided feature-based molecular networking of LC-MS/MS data identified 14 significant bioactive mass peaks (p < 0.01, correlation > 0.95), which consisted of 3 known putative and 11 unknown compounds. All putatively identified compounds were known to be involved in lipid metabolism and obesity. Summarizing, some cyanobacterial strains repressed intestinal lipid absorption without any signs of toxicity and could be developed in the future as nutraceuticals to combat obesity.

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Obesity Potential of Extracts Containing Phenols, Chlorophyll and Carotenoids from Mexican Wild Populations of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst

“…Wild Mexican B. monnieri extracts are rich in carotenoids, which may have contributed to the observed anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activity. Our results agree with previous studies, in which the promising effects of extracts or fractions from different sources were observed, such as the effect of cyanobacteria on the intestinal lipid uptake of zebrafish [ 44 , 45 ] and the reduction of neutral lipids by seagrass [ 46 ] or by actinobacteria [ 47 ], but of which the responsible metabolites are still to be identified, as is the case with B. monnieri .…”

Potential Anti-Obesity, Anti-Steatosis, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Extracts from the Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis under Different Growth Conditions

“…The other 12 peaks with no match in the searched databases may represent novel compounds. In accordance, many studies using similar untargeted metabolite profiling approaches demonstrated a large percentage of not-known compounds, which still remain to be isolated and identified [24,[34][35][36]. In the future, CH-UAE extract should be fractionated to reduce the complexity of the material and identify the responsible compounds for the observed anti-obesity activity.…”

“…As described by Bellver et al [34], molecular networking analysis was conducted with some modifications. Raw data were converted using the software program MSConvert to mzXML format for molecular networking and metabolomic analysis.…”

Lactic acid fermented microalgae and cyanobacteria as a new source of lipid reducing compounds: assessment through zebrafish Nile red fat metabolism assay and untargeted metabolomics

“…Microalgae and cyanobacteria are well-known sources of compounds with many bioactivities. 8,10,[28][29][30][31] However, research in this field is still underexplored and for the first time, the potential of lactic acid fermentation of microalgae was studied as a tool to enhance the production of bioactive compounds with lipid reducing activity. Recent studies demonstrated some lipid reducing activity of fermented cauliflower fungus (Sparassis crispa) on diet induced obese zebrafish with promis-…”

“…edu/) with the recommended standard parameter. The data analysis for the feature-based molecular networking are described in Bellver et al, 2021 28. 2.6 Statistical analysisGraphpad Prism (Version 8, San Diego, CA, USA) was used to create graphs and to develop statistical analyses.…”